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  <updated>2026-10-05T15:49:54Z</updated>
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  <title>Nostr notes on haven.girino.org/outbox</title>
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  <entry>
    <id>https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqqqqwk2g8wgtejusu52jlaxhsrnjr79ulh33cv62fmlsf6k6ucqpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cqz47np</id>
    
      <title>Nostr event nevent1qqsqqqqqwk2g8wgtejusu52jlaxhsrnjr79ulh33cv62fmlsf6k6ucqpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cqz47np</title>
    
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqqqqwk2g8wgtejusu52jlaxhsrnjr79ulh33cv62fmlsf6k6ucqpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cqz47np" />
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       &lt;img src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/16114b7136d32c6e3ebe2bfa35801e8b27eda9cf4334c30df35bfc8366097d43.jpg&#34;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;And our loyalty award goes to..&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1111044881446740&amp;amp;set=a.172985491919355&#34;&gt;https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1111044881446740&amp;amp;set=a.172985491919355&lt;/a&gt;
    </content>
    <updated>2026-10-05T15:49:54Z</updated>
  </entry>

  <entry>
    <id>https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqqqr45cyvukqr9eq5xv7zeqcmnd8p596tqf7wtyc7zrpld0452gpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4csm35cu</id>
    
      <title>Nostr event nevent1qqsqqqqr45cyvukqr9eq5xv7zeqcmnd8p596tqf7wtyc7zrpld0452gpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4csm35cu</title>
    
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqqqr45cyvukqr9eq5xv7zeqcmnd8p596tqf7wtyc7zrpld0452gpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4csm35cu" />
    <content type="html">
      &lt;video controls width=&#34;100%&#34; class=&#34;max-h-[90vh] bg-neutral-300 dark:bg-zinc-700&#34;&gt;&lt;source src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/1c7dd6098878859347383c6dc58041dd448538c881a2a7f422d97ee55be5344e.mp4&#34;&gt;&lt;/video&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;When you vote to have free slaves but they end up freeing the slaves&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.facebook.com/reel/4742728319319738&#34;&gt;https://www.facebook.com/reel/4742728319319738&lt;/a&gt;
    </content>
    <updated>2026-10-02T02:14:17Z</updated>
  </entry>

  <entry>
    <id>https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqqqyxdu0an233n4hltyxjf5hwc623syg8ul25afhfj9fpdx0a7qpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cvhg7j8</id>
    
      <title>Nostr event nevent1qqsqqqqyxdu0an233n4hltyxjf5hwc623syg8ul25afhfj9fpdx0a7qpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cvhg7j8</title>
    
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqqqyxdu0an233n4hltyxjf5hwc623syg8ul25afhfj9fpdx0a7qpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cvhg7j8" />
    <content type="html">
       &lt;img src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/7399a55ed5b177a1a357be7ecc6bdc46b0f45cbe0e8447a016bf6a5139ec9ff6.jpg&#34;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Coding is solved problem. Meanwhile the app doesn’t even allow to change the basic things 🤣&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1532513735574295&amp;amp;set=a.555490039943341&#34;&gt;https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1532513735574295&amp;amp;set=a.555490039943341&lt;/a&gt;
    </content>
    <updated>2026-10-03T04:28:35Z</updated>
  </entry>

  <entry>
    <id>https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqqqp548l2zwwu62nzqtzcr6fxsd5qx9vczd2h22gwg6zatcq80gpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cvn6svj</id>
    
      <title>Nostr event nevent1qqsqqqqp548l2zwwu62nzqtzcr6fxsd5qx9vczd2h22gwg6zatcq80gpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cvn6svj</title>
    
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqqqp548l2zwwu62nzqtzcr6fxsd5qx9vczd2h22gwg6zatcq80gpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cvn6svj" />
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      &lt;video controls width=&#34;100%&#34; class=&#34;max-h-[90vh] bg-neutral-300 dark:bg-zinc-700&#34;&gt;&lt;source src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/e1847281310bc97e56e25ba0e8bece19fff820740a1e8a9baa6a70e6e4f42062.mp4&#34;&gt;&lt;/video&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;821 Years of Mongol Empire&amp;#39;s Borders: Every Change from 1206 to 2026 (4K) #history #maps #mongolempire #geography&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Every border change of Mongol Empire from 1206 to 2026, event by event. The height of the land shows how many years each place has spent under Mongol rule so far; land that was lost stays on the map in grey. The population figure is an estimate of how many people lived in the territory held at the time.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Chapters:&lt;br/&gt;0:00 Genghis Khan (1206–1228)&lt;br/&gt;0:55 Ögedei&amp;#39;s Conquests (1229–1250)&lt;br/&gt;1:36 Möngke and Hülegü (1251–1259)&lt;br/&gt;2:07 Kublai Khan (1260–1293)&lt;br/&gt;2:53 The Four Khanates (1294–1334)&lt;br/&gt;3:14 Collapse (1335–1369)&lt;br/&gt;4:10 The Successor Khanates (1370–1501)&lt;br/&gt;5:33 Back to the Steppe (1502–1690)&lt;br/&gt;6:39 Under Qing Rule (1691–1910)&lt;br/&gt;7:13 Independent Mongolia (1911–2026)&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;The map shows the Mongol Empire and, after 1294, the four khanates ruled by Genghis Khan&amp;#39;s descendants: the Yuan dynasty, the Golden Horde, the Ilkhanate and the Chagatai Khanate. After 1370 it follows their direct successors: the Golden Horde until 1502, its rule over the Rus&amp;#39; until 1480, the khans of Chagatai&amp;#39;s line until 1680 and the Mongol khans in Mongolia until the Qing conquest (1635 and 1691). Khanates founded later by Genghis Khan&amp;#39;s descendants, such as Kazan, Crimea or the Kazakh Khanate, and Timur&amp;#39;s empire are not counted. From 1691 to 1911 no Mongol state appears on the map; from 1911 it shows independent Mongolia. The brief Chinese occupation of 1919-21 is not shown. Vassal states that kept their own rulers are shown only where the border data counts them as part of the empire. Short conquests (held less than 15 years in total), such as Hungary in 1241-42 and Syria in 1260, appear while they last and leave no grey trace.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;📊 Data Sources:&lt;br/&gt;• Historical borders: Cliopatria v0.2.0, Seshat Global History Databank, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (&lt;a href=&#34;https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/&#34;&gt;https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/&lt;/a&gt;). Changes: several polities combined into one timeline per country, clipped to Natural Earth land, reprojected, rasterised and smoothed.&lt;br/&gt;• Population: HYDE 3.2.1, Klein Goldewijk, K., Beusen, A., Doelman, J., Stehfest, E. (2017), Anthropogenic land use estimates for the Holocene, HYDE 3.2, Earth System Science Data 9, 927-953. Released under CC0 by the DANS archive. Modelled estimates, summed over the territory held in each year; after 2017 extrapolated.&lt;br/&gt;• Land, lakes and modern borders: Natural Earth (public domain)&lt;br/&gt;• Typeface: Montserrat (SIL Open Font License 1.1)&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&#34;https://web.facebook.com/reel/1561393798641481&#34;&gt;https://web.facebook.com/reel/1561393798641481&lt;/a&gt;
    </content>
    <updated>2026-09-30T23:06:35Z</updated>
  </entry>

  <entry>
    <id>https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqqqvlcf7zze3gwezzyns8u09sw0n6aszuh3qvfywek3jk7eg2ccpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cwzcg5h</id>
    
      <title>Nostr event nevent1qqsqqqqvlcf7zze3gwezzyns8u09sw0n6aszuh3qvfywek3jk7eg2ccpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cwzcg5h</title>
    
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqqqvlcf7zze3gwezzyns8u09sw0n6aszuh3qvfywek3jk7eg2ccpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cwzcg5h" />
    <content type="html">
      &lt;video controls width=&#34;100%&#34; class=&#34;max-h-[90vh] bg-neutral-300 dark:bg-zinc-700&#34;&gt;&lt;source src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/3d72951066173fce4b451dcf93909ed6ccce9c53af0428f4d21fa349c19a8323.mp4&#34;&gt;&lt;/video&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;🎼 Asturias – Albéniz&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;🪗 My new single featuring music by the Spanish composer Isaac Albéniz is out!&lt;br/&gt;Dive into this hypnotic ostinato — a repeating musical pattern — and let it lead you into this dreamlike, lyrical theme at the heart of the piece.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;🎧 Listen to it on your favorite streaming platform!&lt;br/&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;https://lnk.to/AlbenizAsturias&#34;&gt;https://lnk.to/AlbenizAsturias&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;💿 @alpha_classics &lt;br/&gt;🎥 @julienhanck @arpeggiofilms &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;#spanishmusic #asturias #albeniz #classicalaccordion #alphaclassics&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&#34;https://web.facebook.com/reel/1424284536325550&#34;&gt;https://web.facebook.com/reel/1424284536325550&lt;/a&gt;
    </content>
    <updated>2026-09-29T04:39:57Z</updated>
  </entry>

  <entry>
    <id>https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqqqfg5zfjqh85938mjdaeame8zj98pzncswne4kxe2fw459dc9cpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cx626jk</id>
    
      <title>Nostr event nevent1qqsqqqqfg5zfjqh85938mjdaeame8zj98pzncswne4kxe2fw459dc9cpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cx626jk</title>
    
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqqqfg5zfjqh85938mjdaeame8zj98pzncswne4kxe2fw459dc9cpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cx626jk" />
    <content type="html">
       &lt;img src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/ecaf43b01b0305d9c55bf0be75458361733351bdba2cde302a71ef28160b5989.jpg&#34;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;A company worth three trillion dollars just told nonprofits it deleted their data by accident and cannot get it back.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Microsoft retired its M365 Business Premium grant program, and in the process, deleted customer data before the retention period had even expired. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;When nonprofits asked what was deleted, Microsoft admitted it could not tell them. Not a partial list. Nothing. The data is gone, and the only help on offer is assistance setting up a new environment from scratch.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;This is not a startup running lean. This is Microsoft, a company with some of the most sophisticated data infrastructure on the planet, dedicated teams for compliance and retention, and decades of enterprise experience. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;There is no technical excuse for this. The failure is one of prioritisation: nonprofit customers on a grant program simply did not matter enough to get the same safeguards that paying enterprise customers receive?&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;And the deeper issue is one of data ownership. When your organisation&amp;#39;s data lives in someone else&amp;#39;s cloud, you do not own it in any meaningful sense. You rent access to it, on their terms, with their error rate, and with their definition of &amp;#34;recoverable.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Vendor neutrality is not just an ideology for open source advocates. It is a risk management strategy. An organisation that controls its own infrastructure, whether through self-hosted tools, open source software, or export-ready formats, retains agency when a vendor makes a decision, retires a product, or simply makes a mistake.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;This incident will cost some nonprofit months of reconstruction. The solution is not trusting a bigger vendor. It is making sure you can walk away from any vendor at any time.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&#34;https://web.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1386118293629220&amp;amp;set=a.574506518123739&#34;&gt;https://web.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1386118293629220&amp;amp;set=a.574506518123739&lt;/a&gt;
    </content>
    <updated>2026-09-29T11:46:57Z</updated>
  </entry>

  <entry>
    <id>https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqq9x8afl4jz2y8kz2yxqz9q0a9kxjyv8h6g2tvkc2xtynk4r2zspr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cvw3wtv</id>
    
      <title type="html">#nevent1q…r23k</title>
    
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqq9x8afl4jz2y8kz2yxqz9q0a9kxjyv8h6g2tvkc2xtynk4r2zspr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cvw3wtv" />
    <content type="html">
      &lt;blockquote class=&#34;border-l-05rem border-l-strongpink border-solid&#34;&gt;&lt;div class=&#34;-ml-4 bg-gradient-to-r from-gray-100 dark:from-zinc-800 to-transparent mr-0 mt-0 mb-4 pl-4 pr-2 py-2&#34;&gt;quoting &lt;span itemprop=&#34;mentions&#34; itemscope itemtype=&#34;https://schema.org/Article&#34;&gt;&lt;a itemprop=&#34;url&#34; href=&#34;/nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzqyyckgqj239y5xsedfj30d5rvn6hxvznjh2dydcdz4xtl4ygt3h0qythwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnswf5k6ctv9ehx2ap0qythwumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytn8d9exjmn09ehhyee0qqsfupu5at0xvsqars02se6dxs9xnm63usu55sxw84g85w255sf8vpgm0r23k&#34; class=&#34;bg-lavender dark:prose:text-neutral-50 dark:text-neutral-50 dark:bg-garnet px-1&#34;&gt;nevent1q…r23k&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; Imagem gerada com fract.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt; &lt;img src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/3fe989516818a9d9c85a64d248036d97d1d8a7aedd1bfed200e1038da91cf2e9.png&#34;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Reproduzir:&lt;br/&gt;fract render mandelbrot --center &#34;0.2986365118476711,-0.4562340773398358&#34; --zoom 74.52393857467641 --iterations 64 --max-iterations 1048576 --adaptive=true --palette rgb --smooth=true --width 1024 --height 1024 --output reproduced.png&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Projeto:&lt;br/&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;https://github.com/girino/random-mandelbrot-generator&#34;&gt;https://github.com/girino/random-mandelbrot-generator&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;
    </content>
    <updated>2026-09-29T04:21:08Z</updated>
  </entry>

  <entry>
    <id>https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqqq8uzfz8zkm0g9ldja4dmxqz9e0wvyx4q5zmyv0zqfujjpsxxcpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cxaekfz</id>
    
      <title>Nostr event nevent1qqsqqqq8uzfz8zkm0g9ldja4dmxqz9e0wvyx4q5zmyv0zqfujjpsxxcpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cxaekfz</title>
    
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqqq8uzfz8zkm0g9ldja4dmxqz9e0wvyx4q5zmyv0zqfujjpsxxcpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cxaekfz" />
    <content type="html">
      &lt;video controls width=&#34;100%&#34; class=&#34;max-h-[90vh] bg-neutral-300 dark:bg-zinc-700&#34;&gt;&lt;source src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/479ffdbc2b02eb82d8c3a2edcbba1b7299c77e388fb7b6c510548ff40a573e7d.mp4&#34;&gt;&lt;/video&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;#followerseveryone #SUBSCRIBERS #trendingreelsvideo #cdrama #followersnonfollowers&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&#34;https://web.facebook.com/reel/4043849259244738&#34;&gt;https://web.facebook.com/reel/4043849259244738&lt;/a&gt;
    </content>
    <updated>2026-09-29T01:50:47Z</updated>
  </entry>

  <entry>
    <id>https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqqqg2pza7c6n0smdn22fyd6se8jw3lyknc9m5pgjw8a588wwz8cpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4ckfj8fw</id>
    
      <title>Nostr event nevent1qqsqqqqg2pza7c6n0smdn22fyd6se8jw3lyknc9m5pgjw8a588wwz8cpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4ckfj8fw</title>
    
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqqqg2pza7c6n0smdn22fyd6se8jw3lyknc9m5pgjw8a588wwz8cpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4ckfj8fw" />
    <content type="html">
      &lt;video controls width=&#34;100%&#34; class=&#34;max-h-[90vh] bg-neutral-300 dark:bg-zinc-700&#34;&gt;&lt;source src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/fe2f5f83d429a625a18ddd2705c759f527c93ab3aaba9bb8d2c6221e6edbe126.mp4&#34;&gt;&lt;/video&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;O humor britânico é realmente diferenciado, até pra homenagear alguém. O ator Hugh Grant agradecendo os brilhantes roteiros que fizeram-lhe um astro. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;#hughgrant #richardcurtis #humoringlês #humor #discursoengraçado&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&#34;https://web.facebook.com/reel/2105002526764888&#34;&gt;https://web.facebook.com/reel/2105002526764888&lt;/a&gt;
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    <updated>2026-09-29T01:38:58Z</updated>
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      <title>Nostr event nevent1qqsqqqqvd532knrzc07nyg9gge9q62mhfvxyt849e0dntymg78w3z8cpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cjpuz6l</title>
    
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    </content>
    <updated>2026-09-28T22:01:23Z</updated>
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      <title>Nostr event nevent1qqsqqqqvxupkcyzntrjlrxatftxpfd4ml4jqerdhnlkesv3jefpsmgcpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cy8u9t9</title>
    
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       &lt;img src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/7dbc9ebe9e8b2b82e928a967a0add45ef203d97bec8cd5eb64e0ecac006a0e34.jpg&#34;&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;img src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/5e7c21bc248afc73615492dcce638a547cd613ea4dfa4a30df64bceb6890a7e2.jpg&#34;&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;img src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/974f1869804586d0a72e4e9c0063e832963c943c5498e341f5273b1bd78d468e.jpg&#34;&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;img src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/f681ea1c6b6d425863cedcde52f3693e7418cfaae90220ba84839eeff15d1bfb.jpg&#34;&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;img src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/77e73369b04e89a7f2a0670bd4be3258aead968570074002853d7dafa9bd6904.jpg&#34;&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;img src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/dd6645a69a9f2d71fc0fe8393a2449d40eb5b2b5b983e6899745a785c6557c5e.jpg&#34;&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;img src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/cf6d0aee63a0f09f5428a9c6e138245b8d94c9a69dae37a0746fd7e8d8cebc19.jpg&#34;&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;img src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/0daf17ee7722ad60ebfefcac88d16c8b675e5d01a70d817751f4333a4bbc1aeb.jpg&#34;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.instagram.com/p/Dd2MvuyDwMM/?img_index=7&amp;amp;stkn=bnhnbGtvMmxkeTVo&#34;&gt;https://www.instagram.com/p/Dd2MvuyDwMM/?img_index=7&amp;amp;stkn=bnhnbGtvMmxkeTVo&lt;/a&gt;
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    <updated>2026-09-28T23:35:28Z</updated>
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  <entry>
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      <title>Nostr event nevent1qqsqqqq0yz6v942kh76vtn6458qs2hsdfgxeu7qurrjn43jekr58jwqpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cfmyc4v</title>
    
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqqq0yz6v942kh76vtn6458qs2hsdfgxeu7qurrjn43jekr58jwqpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cfmyc4v" />
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      &lt;video controls width=&#34;100%&#34; class=&#34;max-h-[90vh] bg-neutral-300 dark:bg-zinc-700&#34;&gt;&lt;source src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/4d865f76c20b934ff6d34554375cb0ce75e6429906b86fc230a4af423406620f.mp4&#34;&gt;&lt;/video&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;performático dms slk 🍷🥀 | SIGA @lz7code &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;#programacao #programador #humor #dev&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.instagram.com/reel/DdB5Fy-xHQW/?stkn=YmVhd2ZuZXg3aTR5&#34;&gt;https://www.instagram.com/reel/DdB5Fy-xHQW/?stkn=YmVhd2ZuZXg3aTR5&lt;/a&gt;
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    <updated>2026-09-28T15:28:59Z</updated>
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  <entry>
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      <title>Nostr event nevent1qqsqqqqxnw7pvtfg6q4q5f5cr0xe570t92l2tdz3r3na00st4844qvcpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4c428t4c</title>
    
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    <content type="html">
       &lt;img src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/8c9c7b6214acb4c9ad2865536b0fb1ea79608cdf96d5d3550b700d031eae6187.jpg&#34;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.instagram.com/p/DdYtC80RquH/?stkn=dHV6dDFtZ2Zjamxy&#34;&gt;https://www.instagram.com/p/DdYtC80RquH/?stkn=dHV6dDFtZ2Zjamxy&lt;/a&gt;
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    <updated>2026-09-28T15:42:19Z</updated>
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      <title>Nostr event nevent1qqsqqqq87qlsev8yktms8uswvdmddjvwe5lctq0e5nwd5877fyxxuagpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cwlc3kf</title>
    
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    <content type="html">
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    </content>
    <updated>2026-09-28T15:27:11Z</updated>
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      <title>Nostr event nevent1qqsqqqprdwg2hxku34a9wa2txj970vel5at264p3vx3ww24z8ahzyeqpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cd34hmj</title>
    
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      &lt;video controls width=&#34;100%&#34; class=&#34;max-h-[90vh] bg-neutral-300 dark:bg-zinc-700&#34;&gt;&lt;source src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/9f29c9aed5aa53dc5f3eeab7eff85237d39a963b6f32cfd00389c2124a9f8958.mp4&#34;&gt;&lt;/video&gt;
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    <updated>2026-09-27T23:03:03Z</updated>
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      <title>Nostr event nevent1qqsqqqqgcam4ep939nqapfs4yyuek3vxnfgt9u2zsfpqshdekyk0udgpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cjsmezz</title>
    
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqqqgcam4ep939nqapfs4yyuek3vxnfgt9u2zsfpqshdekyk0udgpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cjsmezz" />
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      &lt;video controls width=&#34;100%&#34; class=&#34;max-h-[90vh] bg-neutral-300 dark:bg-zinc-700&#34;&gt;&lt;source src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/5ba75ce01fe9cb10838f15bf0fcce4f62ffa5e15950870cf1e74c1a66f4f6fe0.mp4&#34;&gt;&lt;/video&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;BH é doido de mais 😂&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&#34;https://web.facebook.com/reel/2119385358656642&#34;&gt;https://web.facebook.com/reel/2119385358656642&lt;/a&gt;
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    <updated>2026-09-27T12:35:48Z</updated>
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      <title>Nostr event nevent1qqsqqqqxap8dr33yr75f6ehwwkrt8t2ced93yq9d935d8gjz023hsccpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4c5rnnqh</title>
    
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqqqxap8dr33yr75f6ehwwkrt8t2ced93yq9d935d8gjz023hsccpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4c5rnnqh" />
    <content type="html">
       &lt;img src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/fc56eb7a657c04119aa2e91a46fc0684dc1649beb07c1dc30e55543cf7ead30f.jpg&#34;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Até o diabo tem limites, e a regra número um do caos é clara: os doguinhos são intocáveis! 🐶&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&#34;https://web.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=122135748921384987&amp;amp;set=a.122118217695384987&#34;&gt;https://web.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=122135748921384987&amp;amp;set=a.122118217695384987&lt;/a&gt;
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    <updated>2026-09-27T12:32:36Z</updated>
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      <title>Nostr event nevent1qqsqqqqrxdjxqz8dfw2zw73pz0sjfcxvdyz7v39m4w9lmqzmtj72avqpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4c0z23fz</title>
    
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    <updated>2026-09-26T16:08:58Z</updated>
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      <title type="html">tudio depende do seu nivelde comprometimento. tem uber, ifood, e ...</title>
    
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      <title>Nostr event nevent1qqsqqqqt5p62k34r06gvng53p42jqdrvzs62jjxmwz7th9sc6rsxjkcpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4c46an4e</title>
    
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqqqt5p62k34r06gvng53p42jqdrvzs62jjxmwz7th9sc6rsxjkcpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4c46an4e" />
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      <title type="html">BTW, seu perfil fla que tu ja tem 18 aninhos? parabéns! já ...</title>
    
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      <title type="html">ouvindo muito audiolivro bobo, porque tenho preguiça de ler, ...</title>
    
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://njump.me/nevent1qqs9cxsqhkkhm3h5tjsp7qjnneet2haer9h2tsjj8nmgev90ttxv2eqpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4c03lnps" />
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      In reply to &lt;a href=&#39;/nevent1qqs994mphy9wteh8wtpwy3g6kjvzka5dyf43em2f6pvdws5ytem7eespz4mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfduhsp58fjd&#39;&gt;nevent1q…8fjd&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;_________________________&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;ouvindo muito audiolivro bobo, porque tenho preguiça de ler, então so escuto :-D
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      <title type="html">saudade docê mocinha, como tá tu?</title>
    
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://njump.me/nevent1qqs0fct5qs9l7p6qvl5qxtwqn229q9dlqlykskr5kgdw5rqe09nljrqpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cnzsz3h" />
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      <title>Nostr event nevent1qqsqqqq9jj6qfj0k3jtv4tk00wlkn477spuulgv05jdyr8ym87vj0nspr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cl8tu0l</title>
    
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqqq9jj6qfj0k3jtv4tk00wlkn477spuulgv05jdyr8ym87vj0nspr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cl8tu0l" />
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      &lt;video controls width=&#34;100%&#34; class=&#34;max-h-[90vh] bg-neutral-300 dark:bg-zinc-700&#34;&gt;&lt;source src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/95a8f42edd670b96c1a0cd633c43772508b9b1ba5c612465380a86e97f7e2b5e.mp4&#34;&gt;&lt;/video&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Milton Friedman draws a distinction worth remembering: pro-free enterprise is not the same as pro-business. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Free enterprise means competition — and for Friedman, that competition is what keeps concentrated power, whether corporate or political, in check.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&#34;https://web.facebook.com/reel/1419922580041835&#34;&gt;https://web.facebook.com/reel/1419922580041835&lt;/a&gt;
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      A Manifesto for Liberty, Community, and Association&lt;br/&gt;(English version)&lt;br/&gt;&lt;blockquote class=&#34;border-l-05rem border-l-strongpink border-solid&#34;&gt;&lt;div class=&#34;-ml-4 bg-gradient-to-r from-gray-100 dark:from-zinc-800 to-transparent mr-0 mt-0 mb-4 pl-4 pr-2 py-2&#34;&gt;quoting &lt;br/&gt;&lt;span itemprop=&#34;mentions&#34; itemscope itemtype=&#34;https://schema.org/Article&#34;&gt;&lt;a itemprop=&#34;url&#34; href=&#34;/naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzq0l6cwnvsk0242xdmkevwqp2dcgtx0h7hyksykc5att03gkk2ejhqyvhwumn8ghj7etnwpjkc6r09enkjunfdehjummjvuhsz9mhwden5te0wfjkccte9ec8y6tdv9kzumn9wshsqyp32p6ycjnyd9n4xnnfvceh2d2yahr73f&#34; class=&#34;bg-lavender dark:prose:text-neutral-50 dark:text-neutral-50 dark:bg-garnet px-1&#34;&gt;naddr1qv…r73f&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; 
&lt;h2 id=&#34;a-manifesto-for-liberty-community-and-association-2&#34;&gt;A Manifesto for Liberty, Community, and Association&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The great poet Vinicius de Moraes once wrote:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;“Um &lt;em&gt;libertas quae sera tamen&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;em&gt;(A certain &lt;strong&gt;libertas quae sera tamen&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Que um dia traduzi num exame escrito:
&lt;em&gt;(Which I once translated in a written exam:)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;‘Liberta que serás também’”
&lt;em&gt;(‘Set free, and you too shall be free.’)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But the translation I like best came almost half a century later, when Beto Silva offered an even more &lt;em&gt;carioca&lt;/em&gt; version:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Liberdade, ainda que à tardinha.”&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(“Liberty, even if only by late afternoon.”)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Liberty has never emerged ready-made, perfectly defined, and correctly translated.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Every age inherited institutions, customs, knowledge, and technologies that made some freedoms possible and others difficult even to imagine. Political progress does not consist in discovering, once and for all, the perfect society, but in continually expanding the space in which coercion can be replaced by choice, monopoly by competition, command by cooperation, and sovereignty by association.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We do not propose a final society.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We propose principles by which different societies may discover their own paths.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;i-the-individual-is-sovereign-over-what-is-properly-his-or-her-own-2&#34;&gt;I. The individual is sovereign over what is properly his or her own&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“I alone am morally responsible.”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Robert A. Heinlein, 1966, &lt;em&gt;The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is a domain in which decision belongs primarily to the individual: conscience, ideas, home and private property, voluntary relationships, communication, and personal choices that do not impose significant harm on others.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Disapproval is not harm.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Offense is not violence.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Disagreement does not, by itself, create a legitimate power to coerce.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The fact that a majority desires a certain form of conduct does not automatically grant it jurisdiction over the life of those who disagree.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Henry David Thoreau took this principle particularly far when he imagined a state that would recognize the individual as a higher and independent power, from which the state’s own authority ultimately derives.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We do not claim that individuals live in isolation. We claim only that the community does not morally precede the person in every matter.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; what concerns only the individual belongs to the individual.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;ii-where-common-consequences-arise-a-legitimate-community-arises-2&#34;&gt;II. Where common consequences arise, a legitimate community arises&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Private where private belongs.”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Robert A. Heinlein, 1966, &lt;em&gt;The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Individual autonomy does not eliminate commons, externalities, or shared interests.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A street, a river, a condominium, a company, a network, a market, or any shared resource may require common rules.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The legitimacy of collective decision-making grows in proportion to the extent to which individual action produces relevant effects on others.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This also means that collective authority must be &lt;strong&gt;proportionate to the problem&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A community does not acquire universal competence merely because it possesses legitimate competence over one particular matter.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Elinor Ostrom showed empirically that the governance of commons need not be reduced to a choice between individual private property and centralized state command. People can create their own institutions, often overlapping and operating at different scales, to govern what they share.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; authority follows externality; competence follows function.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;iii-community-is-a-relationship-not-necessarily-a-territory-2&#34;&gt;III. Community is a relationship, not necessarily a territory&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“A culture is—a group of people…”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Neal Stephenson, 1995, &lt;em&gt;The Diamond Age&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A community may be geographical:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;a village, a neighborhood, a city.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It may also be associative:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;a church, a company, a cooperative, a profession, a virtual community, a cultural association, or any group organized around a shared purpose.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The same person belongs to many communities at once.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;They may overlap without forming a single pyramid.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The proper community to decide a given question is the one related to that question, not necessarily the one occupying the largest territory.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We therefore reject the automatic identification of &lt;strong&gt;society&lt;/strong&gt; with the &lt;strong&gt;territorial state&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The Spanish federal constitutional project of 1873 expressed a remarkably similar idea when it declared:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Todo lo individual es de la pura competencia del individuo.”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It then assigned the municipal, regional, and national spheres to their respective levels.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We extend that logic beyond geography.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; the relevant community is defined by the relevant relationship.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;iv-power-should-rise-not-descend-2&#34;&gt;IV. Power should rise, not descend&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“from the bottom up”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Ursula K. Le Guin, 1974, &lt;em&gt;The Dispossessed&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Smaller communities do not receive their autonomy as a gracious concession from larger authorities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is the higher authority that must justify the competence delegated to it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When several communities face a problem that none can solve alone, they may create common institutions for that specific purpose.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The existence of such an institution does not automatically grant it competence over other matters.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Proudhon understood that a federation would cease to be truly federal if the center gradually absorbed the powers of its constituent communities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A road may justify one consortium.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A watershed, another.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Defense against a threat, another.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;None of these needs proves that there must exist a permanent institution with general sovereignty over all participating communities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; delegated competence does not create sovereignty.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;v-free-communities-may-be-profoundly-different-2&#34;&gt;V. Free communities may be profoundly different&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Some cultures are prosperous; some are not.”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Neal Stephenson, 1995, &lt;em&gt;The Diamond Age&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pluralism does not mean the absence of values.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Communities may possess traditions, moral norms, recognized authorities, and strong expectations of their members.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A religious community need not become secular in order to be free.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A traditional community need not abandon its traditions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;An experimental community need not adopt the customs of its neighbors.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jonathan Haidt uses the expression &lt;strong&gt;moral capital&lt;/strong&gt; to describe values, virtues, norms, practices, identities, and institutions that help a community restrain opportunism and sustain cooperation.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Moral capital is necessary for cohesion.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;That does not mean all moral capital is necessarily good.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A community may possess enormous cohesion around bad values.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We therefore regard social cohesion as important, but not sacred.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Moral capital allows a community to endure.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It does not grant that community unlimited rights over its members.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; freedom of association includes the freedom to form morally dense communities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;vi-rational-criticism-marks-the-limit-of-community-autonomy-2&#34;&gt;VI. Rational criticism marks the limit of community autonomy&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“You can’t crush ideas by suppressing them.”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Ursula K. Le Guin, 1974, &lt;em&gt;The Dispossessed&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We do not wish to replace one universal culture imposed by the state with thousands of small local tyrannies.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A community may defend its customs through argument, example, persuasion, tradition, and moral authority.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It may decide who represents it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It may exclude from a particular role those who reject the conditions inherent to that role.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But its legitimacy begins to erode when it must coercively prevent its members from &lt;strong&gt;questioning, refusing, or leaving&lt;/strong&gt; its authority.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Here we adopt and extend an important intuition from Karl Popper.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In the paradox of tolerance, Popper did not simply propose banning intolerant ideas. As long as they could be confronted through rational argument and public opinion, suppression was unjustified. The rupture comes when argument is abandoned in favor of violence or the threat of violence.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We apply the same principle to community self-government.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A community may say:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;“We believe you are wrong.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It may say:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;“This conduct violates our norms.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It may say:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;“You cannot represent our association if you reject what it stands for.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It may not conclude:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;“You are forbidden to question what we believe.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Disagreement is not coercion.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Social criticism is not coercion.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ostracism is not necessarily coercion.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Losing a role within a voluntary association is not necessarily coercion.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If every social consequence were called violence, no community could possess norms and no moral capital could exist.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The limit lies in violence, threat, confinement, prevention of exit, or the use of coercive power to make a doctrine immune to criticism.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; no community has the right to make its ideas infallible by force.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;vii-conscience-cannot-be-delegated-2&#34;&gt;VII. Conscience cannot be delegated&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“When law and duty are one…”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Frank Herbert, 1965, &lt;em&gt;Dune&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Belonging to a community does not transfer the conscience of its members to that community.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Law, custom, tradition, vote, or superior order do not erase the individual’s moral responsibility for his or her own actions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Thoreau rejected the idea that the mere existence of a law is sufficient to transform obedience into moral duty.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This is particularly important in a society of autonomous communities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Self-government does not mean:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;the community decided, therefore it is right.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It means only that the community possesses legitimacy to govern what genuinely belongs to its domain.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The individual remains free to disagree.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To argue.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To refuse personal participation.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;And, where possible, to leave.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A free society must be able to live with those who say &lt;strong&gt;no&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; political authority does not replace individual conscience.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;viii-we-are-fallibilists-2&#34;&gt;VIII. We are fallibilists&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“I learn slowly.”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Ursula K. Le Guin, 1974, &lt;em&gt;The Dispossessed&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No individual knows everything.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No community knows everything.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No government knows everything.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No model knows everything.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is precisely because we err that we need the freedom to experiment, criticize, and abandon institutions that do not work.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hannah Arendt placed &lt;strong&gt;plurality&lt;/strong&gt; among the fundamental conditions of politics: different people see the world from different perspectives and must act together without ceasing to be distinct.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Popper adds an epistemological consequence: an open institution must allow errors to be discovered instead of shielding them from criticism.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hayek demonstrates a similar problem in economics: relevant knowledge is dispersed and cannot be fully gathered by a single authority.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Thoreau adds the moral dimension: even when everyone else agrees, the individual’s conscience remains his or her own.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We therefore prefer systems in which it is possible to:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;contest, experiment, compare, leave, and correct.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We do not merely want good rulers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We want institutions capable of surviving bad rulers, bad ideas, and our own mistaken certainties.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; institutions should be built on the assumption that their leaders, members, and founders may be wrong.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;ix-liberty-is-a-historical-direction-2&#34;&gt;IX. Liberty is a historical direction&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Do not let the past be a straitjacket!”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Robert A. Heinlein, 1966, &lt;em&gt;The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Liberty is not a binary condition.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Societies do not suddenly move from “unfree” to “free.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Technology, productivity, knowledge, customs, and legal forms alter what can be organized without coercion.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Every generation inherits institutions built under limitations that earlier generations could not overcome.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;That does not make every historical institution just.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Nor does it require us to judge people of the past as if they automatically possessed our institutions, knowledge, or material possibilities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We must distinguish:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;the moral principle&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;from&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;the historical capacity to realize it.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;New productive technologies may render old forms of coerced labor unnecessary.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;New legal institutions may make possible relationships that were previously difficult to organize.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;New communication technologies may make it possible to coordinate communities spread across the planet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;New monetary forms may make viable what once necessarily depended on intermediaries.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;And new political experiments may demonstrate that powers once thought inseparable can, in fact, be divided.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Fallibilism prevents us from demanding instantaneous perfection.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But it also prevents us from turning historical imperfections into eternal excuses.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When we discover a less coercive way to achieve a given purpose, the old coercion must justify itself anew.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; the progress of liberty consists in continually expanding the space of possible choice.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;x-markets-are-mechanisms-of-discovery-2&#34;&gt;X. Markets are mechanisms of discovery&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“To succeed, planning alone is insufficient. One must improvise as well.”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Isaac Asimov, 1951, &lt;em&gt;Foundation&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We defend markets not because individuals are infallible.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We defend them precisely because they are not.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Economic knowledge is distributed among millions of people.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Prices, profits, losses, and competition allow local information to influence decisions without first having to be assembled within a central authority.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This is one of Friedrich Hayek’s fundamental contributions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The problem with planning is not merely that planners may be ill-intentioned.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is that &lt;strong&gt;they cannot possess all the information they seek to use&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mathematics, econometrics, and modeling are not enemies of this view.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Models help us understand relationships.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The error begins when we confuse the model with the reality it abstracts.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Microeconomics provides the mechanisms from which aggregate phenomena emerge.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Macroeconomics should not treat those aggregates as though they existed independently of the people, incentives, prices, and institutions that produce them.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; markets do not eliminate error; they distribute discovery and correction.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xi-market-is-not-privilege-2&#34;&gt;XI. Market is not privilege&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“where people can come without crawling to Potter.”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Frank Capra, 1946, &lt;em&gt;It’s a Wonderful Life&lt;/em&gt; — film&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Defending markets does not mean defending every existing company.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Selective subsidies, protected monopolies, artificial barriers to entry, and regulatory capture replace competition with privilege.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Companies are legitimate forms of association.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Their owners possess broad authority over the resources they own and over the direction of the organization.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But property does not turn other people into property.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Employees, consumers, and third parties retain their own domains and legitimate interests.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A company exists within a network of relationships.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When its actions produce significant externalities upon others, those affected acquire a legitimate interest in determining the limits of those actions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; property creates authority over resources; not sovereignty over people.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xii-technology-can-expand-the-territory-of-liberty-2&#34;&gt;XII. Technology can expand the territory of liberty&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Information technology has freed cultures…”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Neal Stephenson, 1995, &lt;em&gt;The Diamond Age&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Legal rights matter.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But technology can alter what must be requested from an authority in the first place.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The cypherpunks understood this clearly.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Eric Hughes summarized one of their fundamental premises:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Privacy is necessary for an open society.”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Privacy should not depend solely on a legal promise.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It can be reinforced by cryptography.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Communication can be protected by protocols.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Reputation can exist without mandatory civil identity.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Money can circulate without necessarily requiring trust in a single intermediary.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Communities can exist independently of territorial borders.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tim May recognized early that cryptography and digital networks would enable forms of human association that territorial states would struggle to fit into traditional categories.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The experience of the cypherpunks themselves demonstrated something else:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;a voluntary, decentralized, strongly individualistic community can still possess culture, informal authority, reputation, and moral capital.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Liberty does not imply the absence of community.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It implies that community need not mean central command.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; when technology allows compulsory dependence to be replaced by choice, it expands the possible territory of liberty.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xiii-money-can-also-be-a-choice-2&#34;&gt;XIII. Money can also be a choice&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Control the coinage and the courts—let the rabble have the rest.”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Frank Herbert, 1965, &lt;em&gt;Dune&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Money is simultaneously technology, institution, and information.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is no reason to presume that only one form of money may be legitimate.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Public, private, community, or digital currencies may coexist and compete.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hayek explicitly explored the possibility of competition among currency issuers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Later technologies vastly expanded the range of what can be attempted.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Bitcoin demonstrated that even monetary scarcity and transaction settlement can be organized through a network without a central issuer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We need not presume that the currently dominant monetary form will be the final one.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; what people voluntarily accept as money does not require sovereign origin in order to acquire legitimacy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xiv-liberty-requires-the-possibility-of-exit-2&#34;&gt;XIV. Liberty requires the possibility of exit&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Those who build walls…”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Ursula K. Le Guin, 1974, &lt;em&gt;The Dispossessed&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A voluntary community remains voluntary only if the possibility of leaving it is real.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Not every exit is easy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Family, identity, religion, language, property, reputation, and personal relationships create costs that may be unavoidable.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We do not confuse every cost with coercion.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But a community should not deliberately turn bonds into a prison.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The possibility of exit also disciplines institutions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Communities compete to retain their members.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Companies compete for workers and consumers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Currencies compete for trust.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Services compete for users.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Where there is no possibility of exit, that discipline disappears.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But exit does not replace voice.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A member of a community should not have to choose between submission and departure in every disagreement.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;He or she should be able to argue.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To criticize.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To persuade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Only when coexistence becomes impossible does exit become the final mechanism for protecting liberty.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; voice and exit are complementary mechanisms of liberty.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xv-the-form-of-government-also-belongs-to-the-community-2&#34;&gt;XV. The form of government also belongs to the community&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“The machinery of government is always subordinate…”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Frank Herbert, 1976, &lt;em&gt;Children of Dune&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Liberty is not synonymous with universal suffrage over every decision.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;One community may organize itself through direct voting.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Another through representation.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Another through councils.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Another through traditional authorities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;An association may choose its leaders through election, sortition, seniority, merit, or any other mechanism recognized by its members.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;An indirect, elitist, or hierarchical political structure is not necessarily incompatible with liberty.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The decisive question is different:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;what is the domain of that authority, and how far may it coerce?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A church does not need to elect its priests by universal suffrage.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A company does not need to submit every decision to its customers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A traditional community may entrust certain decisions to elders.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Institutional pluralism means recognizing that different communities may discover different forms of representation and decision-making.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The limit remains the same:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;no form of government turns its rulers into owners of the people they govern.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; democracy is one possible technology of governance; liberty is the boundary within which any technology of governance must operate.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xvi-a-free-population-retains-the-means-of-defense-2&#34;&gt;XVI. A free population retains the means of defense&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“No conscript armies.”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Robert A. Heinlein, 1966, &lt;em&gt;The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The absolute concentration of force in a single institution creates a dangerous asymmetry between those who govern and those who are governed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Peaceful citizens should be able to retain effective means of defense.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This does not mean that violence is desirable.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It means that the capacity for defense need not be monopolized by a central authority.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Various historical movements that distrusted standing armies preferred some form of armed citizenry or local militia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A free society seeks to reduce the need for force.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It need not, in order to do so, make its citizens incapable of exercising force in defense of themselves or their communities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; the capacity for defense should remain as distributed as reasonably possible.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xvii-justice-should-remain-understandable-and-close-2&#34;&gt;XVII. Justice should remain understandable and close&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“mutual aid between individuals”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Ursula K. Le Guin, 1974, &lt;em&gt;The Dispossessed&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Law exists for people.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It should not become a priestly language accessible only to a specialized class.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Experts are necessary.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But specialization should not produce sovereignty.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Juries and other forms of direct participation preserve a connection between justice and community.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Police power should exist to the extent necessary to respond to citizens and prevent violence and fraud.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It should not become an autonomous power that treats the population as an object of administration.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The greater the coercive power, the greater its accountability should be to those over whom it is exercised.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; force and justice should remain subordinate to society, not the reverse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xviii-cooperation-among-communities-does-not-require-a-common-sovereign-2&#34;&gt;XVIII. Cooperation among communities does not require a common sovereign&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“functions through coordination, not by rule.”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Ursula K. Le Guin, 1969, &lt;em&gt;The Left Hand of Darkness&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The same principle applies internationally.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Different political communities may trade, cooperate, arbitrate disputes, and create common institutions without necessarily surrendering general sovereignty to those institutions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The tradition of &lt;strong&gt;democratic peace&lt;/strong&gt;, associated in modern scholarship with Michael Doyle, draws attention to the historically distinctive relationship among liberal representative regimes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The literature on &lt;strong&gt;commercial or capitalist peace&lt;/strong&gt; adds another mechanism: economically interdependent societies have more to lose when they replace cooperation with conflict.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These hypotheses remain subject to empirical debate.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The political principle we draw from them is more modest:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;voluntary relationships create costs for violence and benefits for cooperation.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We prefer trade to conquest.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Voluntary interdependence to empire.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Functional federation to absorption.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; durable peace should arise, as far as possible, from the advantages of cooperation, not merely from fear of a superior power.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xix-there-is-no-universal-policy-for-every-problem-2&#34;&gt;XIX. There is no universal policy for every problem&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Circumstances alter cases.”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Robert A. Heinlein, 1966, &lt;em&gt;The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;An immigration policy suitable for one city may be unsuitable for another.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;An environmental rule necessary for one watershed may make no sense in another region.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;An urban policy for a metropolis need not be imposed upon a village.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The correct answer often depends on information that exists only near the problem.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The first question therefore should not always be:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“what is the correct policy?”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Before it comes another:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“which community is relevant to deciding this question?”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In some cases it will be the individual.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In others, the condominium.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In others, a city.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In others, an association spanning several territories.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In others, several communities will need to cooperate.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is no politically sacred scale.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; governance should seek the smallest scale capable of addressing the problem adequately.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xx-we-do-not-want-a-better-center-2&#34;&gt;XX. We do not want a better center&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Change is freedom.”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Ursula K. Le Guin, 1974, &lt;em&gt;The Dispossessed&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Between the isolated individual and the sovereign state lies almost all of society.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Families.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Companies.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Churches.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Municipalities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Associations.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Clubs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cooperatives.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Markets.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Networks.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Digital communities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Temporary federations.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Institutions we have not yet invented.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We do not wish to replace them with a single authority supposedly capable of representing them all.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Nor do we wish to abolish collective action.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We want to multiply the places in which it can occur.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ostrom showed that real human systems often escape the simple dichotomy between market and state.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Arendt showed the importance of plurality and collective action.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Thoreau affirmed the moral independence of the individual before authority.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hayek showed the limits of centralized knowledge.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Popper explained why institutions must remain open to criticism.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Haidt drew attention to the moral conditions that make social cohesion possible.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Proudhon and radical federalists imagined political structures built from the bottom up.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hughes, May, and the cypherpunks demonstrated that new technologies can enable forms of liberty and association that earlier territorial institutions could not provide.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;None of them wrote this manifesto.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;None of them need agree with all of its conclusions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We are not looking for political scripture.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We are looking for a tradition of problems, experiments, and ideas from which we can learn.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;And we must remain prepared to discover that we, too, are wrong.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;synthesis-2&#34;&gt;Synthesis&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We are &lt;strong&gt;liberals&lt;/strong&gt; because we presume liberty before coercion.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We are &lt;strong&gt;polycentric&lt;/strong&gt; because we recognize multiple communities and multiple legitimate centers of decision.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We are &lt;strong&gt;pluralists&lt;/strong&gt; because we do not wish to impose a single conception of the good life.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We are &lt;strong&gt;associationists&lt;/strong&gt; because we know that liberty does not mean solitude, and that communities need sufficient trust to exist.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We are &lt;strong&gt;fallibilists&lt;/strong&gt; because no individual, community, or institution is immune to error.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We defend markets because knowledge is dispersed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We defend communities because human cooperation requires more than contracts.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We defend criticism because no tradition is infallible.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We defend open technology because new tools can expand the domain of choice.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We defend exit because association without the possibility of exit can become subjection.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We defend cooperation because decentralization does not mean isolation.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We do not desire a society without institutions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We desire institutions that know the limits of their competence.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We do not desire a society without authority.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We desire authority without presumed sovereignty.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We do not desire a society without tradition.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We desire traditions capable of surviving criticism without having to silence it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We do not desire a perfect society.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A society that considers itself perfect has already begun to lose the capacity to correct its errors.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Liberty is not a finished project.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We do not know which technologies, institutions, and forms of community will allow future generations to be freer than we are.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Our task is merely not to close that path.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;And whenever it becomes possible to exchange coercion for choice, privilege for competition, silence for criticism, and subjection for association, we should do so.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Perhaps immediately.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Perhaps after learning how.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Perhaps, as a Brazilian humorist once put it, only by late afternoon.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But always in the same direction:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Libertas quae sera tamen.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/blockquote&gt;
    </content>
    <updated>2026-09-23T21:03:53Z</updated>
  </entry>

  <entry>
    <id>https://njump.me/nevent1qqswcy7q4vpqnqvl4q4ktvz87ktw4t5nrfttjv8h5z2rlj33mrm9mjqpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cjwapeg</id>
    
      <title type="html">Manifesto pela liberdade, comunidade e associação ...</title>
    
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      Manifesto pela liberdade, comunidade e associação&lt;br/&gt;&lt;blockquote class=&#34;border-l-05rem border-l-strongpink border-solid&#34;&gt;&lt;div class=&#34;-ml-4 bg-gradient-to-r from-gray-100 dark:from-zinc-800 to-transparent mr-0 mt-0 mb-4 pl-4 pr-2 py-2&#34;&gt;quoting &lt;br/&gt;&lt;span itemprop=&#34;mentions&#34; itemscope itemtype=&#34;https://schema.org/Article&#34;&gt;&lt;a itemprop=&#34;url&#34; href=&#34;/naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzq0l6cwnvsk0242xdmkevwqp2dcgtx0h7hyksykc5att03gkk2ejhqyvhwumn8ghj7etnwpjkc6r09enkjunfdehjummjvuhsz9mhwden5te0wfjkccte9ec8y6tdv9kzumn9wshsqyr323a9ys2pdekns32ctpf8xsj40eg47z&#34; class=&#34;bg-lavender dark:prose:text-neutral-50 dark:text-neutral-50 dark:bg-garnet px-1&#34;&gt;naddr1qv…g47z&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; 
&lt;h2 id=&#34;manifesto-pela-liberdade-comunidade-e-associação-2&#34;&gt;Manifesto pela liberdade, comunidade e associação&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;O grande poeta Vinicius de Moraes disse certa vez:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Um libertas quae sera tamen \
Que um dia traduzi num exame escrito: \
‘Liberta que serás também’&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mas a tradução de que mais gosto veio quase meio século depois, quando Beto Silva trouxe uma versão ainda mais carioca:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Liberdade, ainda que à tardinha.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A liberdade nunca surgiu pronta, perfeitamente definida e corretamente traduzida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cada época recebeu instituições, costumes, conhecimentos e tecnologias que tornavam algumas liberdades possíveis e outras difíceis até de imaginar. O progresso político não consiste em descobrir de uma vez a sociedade perfeita, mas em ampliar continuamente o espaço no qual coerção pode ser substituída por escolha, monopólio por concorrência, comando por cooperação e soberania por associação.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não propomos uma sociedade final.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Propomos princípios pelos quais sociedades diferentes possam descobrir seus próprios caminhos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;i-o-indivíduo-é-soberano-naquilo-que-é-propriamente-seu-2&#34;&gt;I. O indivíduo é soberano naquilo que é propriamente seu&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“I alone am morally responsible.”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Robert A. Heinlein, 1966, &lt;em&gt;The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existe um domínio no qual a decisão pertence primordialmente ao indivíduo: sua consciência, suas ideias, sua residência e propriedade privada, suas relações voluntárias, sua comunicação e suas escolhas pessoais que não imponham dano relevante a terceiros.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Desaprovação não é dano.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ofensa não é violência.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Divergência não cria, por si mesma, competência para coagir.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;O fato de uma maioria desejar determinada conduta não lhe concede automaticamente jurisdição sobre a vida de quem discorda.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Henry David Thoreau levou esse princípio particularmente longe ao imaginar um Estado que reconhecesse o indivíduo como um poder superior e independente, do qual a própria autoridade estatal derivaria.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não afirmamos que indivíduos vivem isolados. Afirmamos apenas que a comunidade não precede moralmente a pessoa em todos os assuntos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; aquilo que concerne somente ao indivíduo pertence ao indivíduo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;ii-onde-surgem-consequências-comuns-surge-uma-comunidade-legítima-2&#34;&gt;II. Onde surgem consequências comuns, surge uma comunidade legítima&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Private where private belongs.”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Robert A. Heinlein, 1966, &lt;em&gt;The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A autonomia individual não elimina bens comuns, externalidades ou interesses compartilhados.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma rua, um rio, um condomínio, uma empresa, uma rede, um mercado ou qualquer recurso compartilhado pode exigir regras comuns.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A legitimidade da decisão coletiva cresce na proporção em que a ação individual produz efeitos relevantes sobre os demais.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Isso significa também que a autoridade coletiva deve ser &lt;strong&gt;proporcional ao problema&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma comunidade não adquire competência universal apenas porque possui competência legítima sobre determinado assunto.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Elinor Ostrom mostrou empiricamente que a administração de bens comuns não precisa ser reduzida à alternativa entre propriedade privada individual e comando estatal central. Pessoas podem criar instituições próprias, frequentemente sobrepostas e organizadas em diferentes escalas, para administrar aquilo que compartilham.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; autoridade acompanha externalidade; competência acompanha função.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;iii-comunidade-é-uma-relação-não-necessariamente-um-território-2&#34;&gt;III. Comunidade é uma relação, não necessariamente um território&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“A culture is—a group of people…”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Neal Stephenson, 1995, &lt;em&gt;The Diamond Age&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma comunidade pode ser geográfica:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;uma vila, um bairro, uma cidade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pode também ser associativa:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;uma igreja, uma empresa, uma cooperativa, uma profissão, uma comunidade virtual, uma associação cultural ou qualquer grupo organizado em torno de uma finalidade comum.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma mesma pessoa pertence a muitas comunidades ao mesmo tempo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Elas podem sobrepor-se sem formar uma única pirâmide.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A comunidade adequada para decidir determinada questão é aquela relacionada à questão, e não necessariamente aquela que ocupa o maior território.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Por isso, rejeitamos a identificação automática entre &lt;strong&gt;sociedade&lt;/strong&gt; e &lt;strong&gt;Estado territorial&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;O projeto constitucional federal espanhol de 1873 expressou uma ideia notavelmente próxima ao declarar:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Todo lo individual es de la pura competencia del individuo.”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;E distribuía depois o municipal, o regional e o nacional às respectivas esferas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Nós estendemos essa lógica para além da geografia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; a comunidade pertinente é definida pela relação pertinente.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;iv-o-poder-deve-subir-não-descer-2&#34;&gt;IV. O poder deve subir, não descer&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“from the bottom up”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Ursula K. Le Guin, 1974, &lt;em&gt;The Dispossessed&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Comunidades menores não recebem sua autonomia como concessão graciosa de autoridades maiores.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;É a autoridade superior que precisa justificar a competência que lhe foi delegada.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Quando várias comunidades encontram um problema que nenhuma pode resolver isoladamente, podem criar instituições comuns para esse fim.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A existência dessa instituição não lhe confere automaticamente competência sobre outros assuntos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Proudhon percebeu que uma federação deixaria de ser verdadeiramente federal se o centro progressivamente absorvesse as competências de seus membros.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma estrada pode justificar um consórcio.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma bacia hidrográfica, outro.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A defesa contra uma ameaça, outro.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Nenhuma dessas necessidades prova que deva existir uma instituição permanente com soberania geral sobre todas as comunidades participantes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; delegação de competência não cria soberania.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;v-comunidades-livres-podem-ser-profundamente-diferentes-2&#34;&gt;V. Comunidades livres podem ser profundamente diferentes&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Some cultures are prosperous; some are not.”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Neal Stephenson, 1995, &lt;em&gt;The Diamond Age&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pluralismo não significa ausência de valores.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Comunidades podem possuir tradições, normas morais, autoridades reconhecidas e expectativas fortes sobre seus membros.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma comunidade religiosa não precisa tornar-se secular para ser livre.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma comunidade tradicional não precisa abandonar suas tradições.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma comunidade experimental não precisa adotar os costumes de seus vizinhos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jonathan Haidt utiliza a expressão &lt;strong&gt;capital moral&lt;/strong&gt; para descrever valores, virtudes, normas, práticas, identidades e instituições que ajudam uma comunidade a controlar oportunismo e sustentar cooperação.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Capital moral é necessário à coesão.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Isso não significa que todo capital moral seja necessariamente bom.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma comunidade pode possuir enorme coesão em torno de valores ruins.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Portanto, consideramos a coesão comunitária importante, mas não sagrada.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Capital moral permite que uma comunidade sobreviva.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não lhe concede direito ilimitado sobre seus integrantes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; liberdade de associação inclui liberdade para formar comunidades moralmente densas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;vi-a-crítica-racional-marca-o-limite-da-autonomia-comunitária-2&#34;&gt;VI. A crítica racional marca o limite da autonomia comunitária&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“You can’t crush ideas by suppressing them.”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Ursula K. Le Guin, 1974, &lt;em&gt;The Dispossessed&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não queremos substituir uma cultura universal imposta pelo Estado por milhares de pequenas tiranias locais.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma comunidade pode defender seus costumes por argumento, exemplo, persuasão, tradição e autoridade moral.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pode determinar quem a representa.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pode excluir de determinada função quem rejeita as condições inerentes àquela função.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mas sua legitimidade começa a desaparecer quando precisa impedir coercitivamente que seus membros &lt;strong&gt;questionem, recusem ou abandonem&lt;/strong&gt; sua autoridade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Aqui adotamos e estendemos uma importante intuição de Karl Popper.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No paradoxo da tolerância, Popper não propôs simplesmente que ideias intolerantes fossem proibidas. Enquanto fosse possível enfrentá-las pelo argumento racional e pela opinião pública, a supressão seria injustificada. A ruptura ocorre quando se abandona o argumento e se passa à violência ou à ameaça dela.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Aplicamos o mesmo princípio ao autogoverno das comunidades.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma comunidade pode dizer:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;“Consideramos você errado.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pode dizer:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;“Esta conduta viola nossas normas.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pode dizer:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;“Você não pode representar nossa associação se rejeita aquilo que ela representa.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não pode concluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;“Você está proibido de questionar aquilo em que acreditamos.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Discordância não é coerção.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Crítica social não é coerção.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ostracismo não é necessariamente coerção.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Perder uma função numa associação voluntária não é necessariamente coerção.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Se toda consequência social fosse chamada de violência, nenhuma comunidade poderia possuir normas e nenhum capital moral poderia existir.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;O limite está em violência, ameaça, confinamento, impedimento de saída ou utilização do poder coercitivo para tornar uma doutrina imune à crítica.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; nenhuma comunidade possui direito de tornar suas ideias infalíveis pela força.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;vii-a-consciência-não-pode-ser-delegada-2&#34;&gt;VII. A consciência não pode ser delegada&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“When law and duty are one…”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Frank Herbert, 1965, &lt;em&gt;Dune&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pertencer a uma comunidade não transfere a ela a consciência de seus membros.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Lei, costume, tradição, voto ou ordem superior não eliminam a responsabilidade moral do indivíduo por aquilo que ele próprio faz.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Thoreau recusou a ideia de que a existência de uma lei fosse suficiente para transformar obediência em dever moral.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Isso é particularmente importante numa sociedade de comunidades autônomas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Autogoverno não significa:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;a comunidade decidiu, portanto está certa.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Significa apenas que aquela comunidade possui legitimidade para governar aquilo que verdadeiramente pertence ao seu domínio.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;O indivíduo continua podendo discordar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pode argumentar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pode recusar sua própria participação.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;E, quando possível, pode sair.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma sociedade livre precisa ser capaz de conviver com aqueles que dizem &lt;strong&gt;não&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; autoridade política não substitui consciência individual.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;viii-somos-falibilistas-2&#34;&gt;VIII. Somos falibilistas&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“I learn slowly.”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Ursula K. Le Guin, 1974, &lt;em&gt;The Dispossessed&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Nenhum indivíduo sabe tudo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Nenhuma comunidade sabe tudo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Nenhum governo sabe tudo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Nenhum modelo sabe tudo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;É precisamente porque erramos que precisamos de liberdade para experimentar, criticar e abandonar instituições que não funcionam.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hannah Arendt colocou a &lt;strong&gt;pluralidade&lt;/strong&gt; entre as condições fundamentais da política: pessoas diferentes veem o mundo de perspectivas diferentes e precisam agir juntas sem deixar de ser distintas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Popper acrescenta uma consequência epistemológica: uma instituição aberta precisa permitir a descoberta de erros em vez de protegê-los contra crítica.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hayek demonstra problema semelhante na economia: conhecimento relevante está disperso e não pode ser integralmente reunido por uma única autoridade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Thoreau acrescenta a dimensão moral: mesmo quando todos os demais concordam, a consciência do indivíduo permanece sua.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Por isso preferimos sistemas nos quais seja possível:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;contestar, experimentar, comparar, sair e corrigir.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não queremos apenas bons governantes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Queremos instituições capazes de sobreviver a governantes ruins, ideias ruins e às nossas próprias certezas equivocadas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; instituições devem ser construídas supondo que seus dirigentes, seus membros e seus fundadores podem estar errados.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;ix-a-liberdade-é-uma-direção-histórica-2&#34;&gt;IX. A liberdade é uma direção histórica&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Do not let the past be a straitjacket!”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Robert A. Heinlein, 1966, &lt;em&gt;The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A liberdade não é um estado binário.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sociedades não passam subitamente de “não livres” para “livres”.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tecnologia, produtividade, conhecimento, costumes e formas jurídicas alteram aquilo que pode ser organizado sem coerção.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cada geração recebe instituições construídas sob limitações que gerações anteriores não conseguiram superar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Isso não torna toda instituição histórica justa.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Também não exige que julguemos os homens do passado como se dispusessem automaticamente de nossas instituições, conhecimentos ou possibilidades materiais.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Devemos distinguir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;o princípio moral&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;da&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;capacidade histórica de realizá-lo.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Novas tecnologias produtivas podem tornar desnecessárias formas antigas de trabalho coercitivo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Novas instituições jurídicas podem permitir relações antes difíceis de organizar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Novas tecnologias de comunicação podem tornar possível a coordenação de comunidades espalhadas pelo planeta.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Novas formas monetárias podem tornar viável aquilo que antes dependia necessariamente de intermediários.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;E novas experiências políticas podem demonstrar que competências antes consideradas inseparáveis podem ser divididas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;O falibilismo nos impede de exigir perfeição instantânea.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mas impede também que transformemos imperfeições históricas em desculpas eternas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Quando descobrimos uma maneira menos coercitiva de alcançar determinada finalidade, a antiga coerção precisa novamente justificar sua existência.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; o progresso da liberdade consiste em ampliar continuamente o espaço da escolha possível.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;x-mercados-são-mecanismos-de-descoberta-2&#34;&gt;X. Mercados são mecanismos de descoberta&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“To succeed, planning alone is insufficient. One must improvise as well.”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Isaac Asimov, 1951, &lt;em&gt;Foundation&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Defendemos mercados não porque indivíduos sejam infalíveis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Defendemo-los precisamente porque não são.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Conhecimento econômico está distribuído entre milhões de pessoas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Preços, lucros, prejuízos e concorrência permitem que informações locais influenciem decisões sem precisar ser reunidas previamente numa autoridade central.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Essa é uma das contribuições fundamentais de Friedrich Hayek.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;O problema do planejamento não é apenas que planejadores possam ser mal-intencionados.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;É que &lt;strong&gt;não podem possuir toda a informação que pretendem utilizar&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Matemática, econometria e modelagem não são inimigas dessa concepção.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Modelos ajudam a compreender relações.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;O erro começa quando confundimos o modelo com a realidade que ele abstrai.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Microeconomia fornece os mecanismos dos quais emergem fenômenos agregados.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A macroeconomia não deve tratá-los como se existissem independentemente das pessoas, incentivos, preços e instituições que os produzem.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; mercados não eliminam erros; distribuem descoberta e correção.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xi-mercado-não-é-privilégio-2&#34;&gt;XI. Mercado não é privilégio&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“where people can come without crawling to Potter.”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Frank Capra, 1946, &lt;em&gt;It’s a Wonderful Life&lt;/em&gt; — filme&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Defender mercado não significa defender toda empresa existente.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Subsídios seletivos, monopólios protegidos, barreiras artificiais à entrada e captura regulatória substituem competição por privilégio.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Empresas são formas legítimas de associação.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Seus proprietários possuem ampla autoridade sobre os recursos que lhes pertencem e sobre a direção da organização.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mas propriedade não transforma outras pessoas em propriedade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Empregados, consumidores e terceiros continuam possuindo seus próprios domínios e interesses legítimos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A empresa existe dentro de uma rede de relações.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Quando sua atuação produz externalidades relevantes sobre outros, surge legitimidade para que os afetados participem da determinação dos limites dessa atuação.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; propriedade cria autoridade sobre recursos; não soberania sobre pessoas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xii-a-tecnologia-pode-ampliar-o-território-da-liberdade-2&#34;&gt;XII. A tecnologia pode ampliar o território da liberdade&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Information technology has freed cultures…”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Neal Stephenson, 1995, &lt;em&gt;The Diamond Age&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Direitos jurídicos são importantes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mas tecnologia pode alterar aquilo que é necessário pedir a uma autoridade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Os cypherpunks perceberam isso claramente.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Eric Hughes resumiu uma de suas premissas fundamentais:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Privacy is necessary for an open society.”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Privacidade não deveria depender apenas de uma promessa legal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pode ser reforçada por criptografia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Comunicação pode ser protegida por protocolos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Reputação pode existir sem identidade civil obrigatória.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Dinheiro pode circular sem exigir necessariamente confiança num único intermediário.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Comunidades podem existir independentemente de fronteiras territoriais.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tim May percebeu cedo que criptografia e redes digitais permitiriam associações humanas que os Estados territoriais teriam dificuldade em enquadrar em suas categorias tradicionais.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A experiência dos próprios cypherpunks mostrou também outra coisa:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;uma comunidade voluntária, descentralizada e fortemente individualista ainda pode possuir cultura, autoridade informal, reputação e capital moral.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Liberdade não implica ausência de comunidade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Implica que comunidade não precise significar comando central.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; quando tecnologia permite substituir dependência compulsória por escolha, ela amplia o território possível da liberdade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xiii-dinheiro-também-pode-ser-uma-escolha-2&#34;&gt;XIII. Dinheiro também pode ser uma escolha&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Control the coinage and the courts—let the rabble have the rest.”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Frank Herbert, 1965, &lt;em&gt;Dune&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Dinheiro é simultaneamente tecnologia, instituição e informação.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não existe razão para presumir que somente uma única forma de dinheiro possa ser legítima.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Moedas públicas, privadas, comunitárias ou digitais podem coexistir e competir.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hayek explorou explicitamente a possibilidade de concorrência entre emissores monetários.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tecnologias posteriores ampliaram enormemente o universo daquilo que pode ser tentado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Bitcoin demonstrou que até escassez monetária e liquidação de transações podem ser organizadas por uma rede sem um emissor central.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não precisamos presumir que a forma monetária atualmente dominante será a forma final.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; aquilo que pessoas aceitam voluntariamente como dinheiro não precisa de uma origem soberana para adquirir legitimidade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xiv-liberdade-exige-possibilidade-de-saída-2&#34;&gt;XIV. Liberdade exige possibilidade de saída&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Those who build walls…”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Ursula K. Le Guin, 1974, &lt;em&gt;The Dispossessed&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma comunidade voluntária só permanece voluntária se a possibilidade de abandoná-la for real.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Nem toda saída é fácil.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Família, identidade, religião, língua, patrimônio, reputação e relações pessoais criam custos que podem ser inevitáveis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não confundimos todo custo com coerção.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mas uma comunidade não deve deliberadamente transformar vínculos em prisão.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A possibilidade de saída também disciplina instituições.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Comunidades competem pela permanência de seus membros.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Empresas competem por trabalhadores e consumidores.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Moedas competem por confiança.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Serviços competem por usuários.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Quando não existe possibilidade de saída, essa disciplina desaparece.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mas saída não substitui voz.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;O membro de uma comunidade não precisa escolher entre submissão e abandono diante de toda divergência.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ele deve poder argumentar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Criticar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tentar convencer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Só quando a convivência deixa de ser possível a saída torna-se o mecanismo final de proteção da liberdade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; voz e saída são mecanismos complementares de liberdade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xv-a-forma-de-governo-pertence-também-à-comunidade-2&#34;&gt;XV. A forma de governo pertence também à comunidade&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“The machinery of government is always subordinate…”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Frank Herbert, 1976, &lt;em&gt;Children of Dune&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Liberdade não é sinônimo de sufrágio universal sobre todas as decisões.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma comunidade pode organizar-se por votação direta.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Outra por representação.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Outra por conselhos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Outra por autoridades tradicionais.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma associação pode escolher seus dirigentes por eleição, sorteio, antiguidade, mérito ou qualquer mecanismo que seus membros reconheçam.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma estrutura política indireta, elitista ou hierárquica não é necessariamente incompatível com liberdade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A questão decisiva é outra:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;qual é o domínio dessa autoridade e até onde ela pode coagir?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma igreja não precisa eleger seus sacerdotes por sufrágio universal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma empresa não precisa submeter todas as decisões a seus clientes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma comunidade tradicional pode confiar determinadas decisões a anciãos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pluralismo institucional significa admitir que diferentes comunidades podem encontrar formas distintas de representação e decisão.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;O limite continua sendo o mesmo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;nenhuma forma de governo transforma seus dirigentes em proprietários das pessoas governadas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; democracia é uma possível tecnologia de governança; liberdade é o limite dentro do qual qualquer tecnologia de governança precisa operar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xvi-uma-população-livre-conserva-meios-de-defesa-2&#34;&gt;XVI. Uma população livre conserva meios de defesa&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“No conscript armies.”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Robert A. Heinlein, 1966, &lt;em&gt;The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A concentração absoluta da força em uma única instituição cria uma assimetria perigosa entre quem governa e quem é governado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cidadãos pacíficos devem poder conservar meios efetivos de defesa.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Isso não significa que violência seja desejável.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Significa que a capacidade de defesa não precisa ser monopólio de uma autoridade central.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Diversos movimentos históricos que desconfiaram de exércitos permanentes preferiram alguma forma de cidadão armado ou milícia local.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma sociedade livre busca reduzir a necessidade da força.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não precisa, para isso, tornar seus cidadãos incapazes de exercê-la em defesa própria ou de suas comunidades.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; a capacidade de defesa deve permanecer tão distribuída quanto razoavelmente possível.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xvii-justiça-deve-permanecer-compreensível-e-próxima-2&#34;&gt;XVII. Justiça deve permanecer compreensível e próxima&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“mutual aid between individuals”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Ursula K. Le Guin, 1974, &lt;em&gt;The Dispossessed&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A lei existe para pessoas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não deve transformar-se numa linguagem sacerdotal acessível apenas a uma classe especializada.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Especialistas são necessários.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mas especialização não deve produzir soberania.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Júris e outras formas de participação direta mantêm uma ligação entre justiça e comunidade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;O poder policial deve existir na medida necessária para responder aos cidadãos e impedir violência e fraude.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não deve tornar-se um poder autônomo que trate a população como objeto de administração.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Quanto maior o poder coercitivo, maior deve ser sua responsabilidade diante daqueles sobre os quais é exercido.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; força e justiça devem permanecer subordinadas à sociedade, não o contrário.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xviii-cooperação-entre-comunidades-não-exige-um-soberano-comum-2&#34;&gt;XVIII. Cooperação entre comunidades não exige um soberano comum&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“functions through coordination, not by rule.”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Ursula K. Le Guin, 1969, &lt;em&gt;The Left Hand of Darkness&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;O mesmo princípio vale em escala internacional.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Comunidades políticas diferentes podem comerciar, cooperar, arbitrar conflitos e criar instituições comuns sem necessariamente entregar a essas instituições soberania geral.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A tradição da &lt;strong&gt;paz democrática&lt;/strong&gt;, associada modernamente a Michael Doyle, chama atenção para a relação historicamente peculiar entre regimes liberais representativos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A literatura da &lt;strong&gt;paz comercial ou capitalista&lt;/strong&gt; acrescenta outro mecanismo: sociedades economicamente interdependentes possuem mais a perder quando substituem cooperação por conflito.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Essas hipóteses continuam sujeitas a debate empírico.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;O princípio político que delas retiramos é mais modesto:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;relações voluntárias criam custos para a violência e benefícios para a cooperação.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Preferimos comércio a conquista.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Interdependência voluntária a império.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Federação funcional a absorção.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; paz duradoura deve surgir tanto quanto possível da vantagem da cooperação, não apenas do medo de um poder superior.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xix-não-existe-uma-política-universal-para-todo-problema-2&#34;&gt;XIX. Não existe uma política universal para todo problema&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Circumstances alter cases.”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Robert A. Heinlein, 1966, &lt;em&gt;The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma política migratória adequada a uma cidade pode ser inadequada a outra.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma regra ambiental necessária para uma bacia hidrográfica pode não fazer sentido em outra região.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma política urbana para uma metrópole não precisa ser imposta a uma vila.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A resposta correta depende frequentemente de informação que só existe perto do problema.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Por isso, a pergunta inicial não deve ser sempre:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“qual é a política correta?”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Antes dela existe outra:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“quem é a comunidade pertinente para decidir esta questão?”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Em alguns casos será o indivíduo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Em outros, o condomínio.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Em outros, uma cidade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Em outros, uma associação que atravessa vários territórios.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Em outros, várias comunidades precisarão cooperar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não existe uma escala politicamente sagrada.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; governança deve procurar a menor escala capaz de tratar adequadamente o problema.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xx-não-queremos-um-centro-melhor-2&#34;&gt;XX. Não queremos um centro melhor&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Change is freedom.”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Ursula K. Le Guin, 1974, &lt;em&gt;The Dispossessed&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Entre o indivíduo isolado e o Estado soberano existe quase toda a sociedade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Famílias.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Empresas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Igrejas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Municípios.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Associações.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Clubes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cooperativas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mercados.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Redes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Comunidades digitais.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Federações temporárias.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Instituições que ainda não inventamos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não queremos substituí-las por uma única autoridade supostamente capaz de representar todas elas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Também não queremos abolir a ação coletiva.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Queremos multiplicar os lugares nos quais ela possa acontecer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ostrom mostrou que sistemas humanos reais frequentemente escapam da dicotomia simples entre mercado e Estado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Arendt mostrou a importância da pluralidade e da ação conjunta.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Thoreau afirmou a independência moral do indivíduo diante da autoridade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hayek mostrou os limites do conhecimento centralizado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Popper explicou por que instituições precisam permanecer abertas à crítica.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Haidt chamou atenção para as condições morais que tornam possível a coesão comunitária.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Proudhon e os federalistas radicais imaginaram estruturas políticas construídas de baixo para cima.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hughes, May e os cypherpunks demonstraram que novas tecnologias podem permitir formas de liberdade e associação que instituições territoriais anteriores não podiam oferecer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Nenhum deles escreveu este manifesto.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Nenhum deles precisa concordar com todas as suas conclusões.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não procuramos uma escritura política.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Procuramos uma tradição de problemas, experiências e ideias da qual podemos aprender.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;E devemos estar preparados para descobrir que também estamos errados.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;síntese-2&#34;&gt;Síntese&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Somos &lt;strong&gt;liberais&lt;/strong&gt; porque presumimos a liberdade antes da coerção.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Somos &lt;strong&gt;policêntricos&lt;/strong&gt; porque reconhecemos múltiplas comunidades e múltiplos centros legítimos de decisão.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Somos &lt;strong&gt;pluralistas&lt;/strong&gt; porque não queremos impor uma única concepção de vida boa.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Somos &lt;strong&gt;associacionistas&lt;/strong&gt; porque sabemos que liberdade não significa solidão e que comunidades precisam de confiança suficiente para existir.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Somos &lt;strong&gt;falibilistas&lt;/strong&gt; porque nenhum indivíduo, comunidade ou instituição está imune ao erro.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Defendemos mercados porque conhecimento está disperso.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Defendemos comunidades porque cooperação humana exige mais do que contratos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Defendemos crítica porque nenhuma tradição é infalível.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Defendemos tecnologia aberta porque novas ferramentas podem ampliar o domínio da escolha.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Defendemos saída porque associação sem possibilidade de saída pode tornar-se sujeição.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Defendemos cooperação porque descentralização não significa isolamento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não desejamos uma sociedade sem instituições.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Desejamos instituições que conheçam os limites de sua competência.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não desejamos uma sociedade sem autoridade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Desejamos autoridade sem soberania presumida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não desejamos uma sociedade sem tradição.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Desejamos tradições capazes de sobreviver à crítica sem precisar silenciá-la.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não desejamos uma sociedade perfeita.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma sociedade que se considere perfeita já começou a perder a capacidade de corrigir seus erros.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A liberdade não é um projeto terminado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não sabemos quais tecnologias, instituições e formas de comunidade permitirão às próximas gerações serem mais livres do que somos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cabe-nos apenas não fechar esse caminho.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;E, quando for possível trocar coerção por escolha, privilégio por concorrência, silêncio por crítica e submissão por associação, devemos fazê-lo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Talvez imediatamente.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Talvez depois de aprender como.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Talvez, como ironizou um mineiro, apenas à tardinha.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mas sempre na mesma direção:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Libertas quae sera tamen.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/blockquote&gt;
    </content>
    <updated>2026-09-23T21:05:22Z</updated>
  </entry>

  <entry>
    <id>https://njump.me/nevent1qqsd3y58hqwk4f7kln47cjj5uemr5z0vmxphqn5yln9a6zge3r5r56gpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4c54wyhu</id>
    
      <title type="html">A Manifesto for Liberty, Community, and Association (English ...</title>
    
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    <content type="html">
      A Manifesto for Liberty, Community, and Association&lt;br/&gt;(English version)&lt;br/&gt;&lt;blockquote class=&#34;border-l-05rem border-l-strongpink border-solid&#34;&gt;&lt;div class=&#34;-ml-4 bg-gradient-to-r from-gray-100 dark:from-zinc-800 to-transparent mr-0 mt-0 mb-4 pl-4 pr-2 py-2&#34;&gt;quoting &lt;br/&gt;&lt;span itemprop=&#34;mentions&#34; itemscope itemtype=&#34;https://schema.org/Article&#34;&gt;&lt;a itemprop=&#34;url&#34; href=&#34;/naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzq0l6cwnvsk0242xdmkevwqp2dcgtx0h7hyksykc5att03gkk2ejhqyvhwumn8ghj7etnwpjkc6r09enkjunfdehjummjvuhsz9mhwden5te0wfjkccte9ec8y6tdv9kzumn9wshsqyp32p6ycjnyd9n4xnnfvceh2d2yahr73f&#34; class=&#34;bg-lavender dark:prose:text-neutral-50 dark:text-neutral-50 dark:bg-garnet px-1&#34;&gt;naddr1qv…r73f&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; 
&lt;h2 id=&#34;a-manifesto-for-liberty-community-and-association-5&#34;&gt;A Manifesto for Liberty, Community, and Association&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The great poet Vinicius de Moraes once wrote:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;“Um &lt;em&gt;libertas quae sera tamen&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;em&gt;(A certain &lt;strong&gt;libertas quae sera tamen&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Que um dia traduzi num exame escrito:
&lt;em&gt;(Which I once translated in a written exam:)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;‘Liberta que serás também’”
&lt;em&gt;(‘Set free, and you too shall be free.’)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But the translation I like best came almost half a century later, when Beto Silva offered an even more &lt;em&gt;carioca&lt;/em&gt; version:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Liberdade, ainda que à tardinha.”&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(“Liberty, even if only by late afternoon.”)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Liberty has never emerged ready-made, perfectly defined, and correctly translated.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Every age inherited institutions, customs, knowledge, and technologies that made some freedoms possible and others difficult even to imagine. Political progress does not consist in discovering, once and for all, the perfect society, but in continually expanding the space in which coercion can be replaced by choice, monopoly by competition, command by cooperation, and sovereignty by association.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We do not propose a final society.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We propose principles by which different societies may discover their own paths.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;i-the-individual-is-sovereign-over-what-is-properly-his-or-her-own-5&#34;&gt;I. The individual is sovereign over what is properly his or her own&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“I alone am morally responsible.”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Robert A. Heinlein, 1966, &lt;em&gt;The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is a domain in which decision belongs primarily to the individual: conscience, ideas, home and private property, voluntary relationships, communication, and personal choices that do not impose significant harm on others.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Disapproval is not harm.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Offense is not violence.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Disagreement does not, by itself, create a legitimate power to coerce.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The fact that a majority desires a certain form of conduct does not automatically grant it jurisdiction over the life of those who disagree.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Henry David Thoreau took this principle particularly far when he imagined a state that would recognize the individual as a higher and independent power, from which the state’s own authority ultimately derives.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We do not claim that individuals live in isolation. We claim only that the community does not morally precede the person in every matter.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; what concerns only the individual belongs to the individual.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;ii-where-common-consequences-arise-a-legitimate-community-arises-5&#34;&gt;II. Where common consequences arise, a legitimate community arises&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Private where private belongs.”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Robert A. Heinlein, 1966, &lt;em&gt;The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Individual autonomy does not eliminate commons, externalities, or shared interests.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A street, a river, a condominium, a company, a network, a market, or any shared resource may require common rules.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The legitimacy of collective decision-making grows in proportion to the extent to which individual action produces relevant effects on others.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This also means that collective authority must be &lt;strong&gt;proportionate to the problem&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A community does not acquire universal competence merely because it possesses legitimate competence over one particular matter.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Elinor Ostrom showed empirically that the governance of commons need not be reduced to a choice between individual private property and centralized state command. People can create their own institutions, often overlapping and operating at different scales, to govern what they share.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; authority follows externality; competence follows function.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;iii-community-is-a-relationship-not-necessarily-a-territory-5&#34;&gt;III. Community is a relationship, not necessarily a territory&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“A culture is—a group of people…”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Neal Stephenson, 1995, &lt;em&gt;The Diamond Age&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A community may be geographical:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;a village, a neighborhood, a city.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It may also be associative:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;a church, a company, a cooperative, a profession, a virtual community, a cultural association, or any group organized around a shared purpose.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The same person belongs to many communities at once.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;They may overlap without forming a single pyramid.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The proper community to decide a given question is the one related to that question, not necessarily the one occupying the largest territory.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We therefore reject the automatic identification of &lt;strong&gt;society&lt;/strong&gt; with the &lt;strong&gt;territorial state&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The Spanish federal constitutional project of 1873 expressed a remarkably similar idea when it declared:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Todo lo individual es de la pura competencia del individuo.”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It then assigned the municipal, regional, and national spheres to their respective levels.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We extend that logic beyond geography.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; the relevant community is defined by the relevant relationship.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;iv-power-should-rise-not-descend-5&#34;&gt;IV. Power should rise, not descend&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“from the bottom up”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Ursula K. Le Guin, 1974, &lt;em&gt;The Dispossessed&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Smaller communities do not receive their autonomy as a gracious concession from larger authorities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is the higher authority that must justify the competence delegated to it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When several communities face a problem that none can solve alone, they may create common institutions for that specific purpose.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The existence of such an institution does not automatically grant it competence over other matters.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Proudhon understood that a federation would cease to be truly federal if the center gradually absorbed the powers of its constituent communities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A road may justify one consortium.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A watershed, another.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Defense against a threat, another.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;None of these needs proves that there must exist a permanent institution with general sovereignty over all participating communities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; delegated competence does not create sovereignty.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;v-free-communities-may-be-profoundly-different-5&#34;&gt;V. Free communities may be profoundly different&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Some cultures are prosperous; some are not.”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Neal Stephenson, 1995, &lt;em&gt;The Diamond Age&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pluralism does not mean the absence of values.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Communities may possess traditions, moral norms, recognized authorities, and strong expectations of their members.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A religious community need not become secular in order to be free.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A traditional community need not abandon its traditions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;An experimental community need not adopt the customs of its neighbors.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jonathan Haidt uses the expression &lt;strong&gt;moral capital&lt;/strong&gt; to describe values, virtues, norms, practices, identities, and institutions that help a community restrain opportunism and sustain cooperation.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Moral capital is necessary for cohesion.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;That does not mean all moral capital is necessarily good.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A community may possess enormous cohesion around bad values.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We therefore regard social cohesion as important, but not sacred.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Moral capital allows a community to endure.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It does not grant that community unlimited rights over its members.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; freedom of association includes the freedom to form morally dense communities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;vi-rational-criticism-marks-the-limit-of-community-autonomy-5&#34;&gt;VI. Rational criticism marks the limit of community autonomy&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“You can’t crush ideas by suppressing them.”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Ursula K. Le Guin, 1974, &lt;em&gt;The Dispossessed&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We do not wish to replace one universal culture imposed by the state with thousands of small local tyrannies.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A community may defend its customs through argument, example, persuasion, tradition, and moral authority.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It may decide who represents it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It may exclude from a particular role those who reject the conditions inherent to that role.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But its legitimacy begins to erode when it must coercively prevent its members from &lt;strong&gt;questioning, refusing, or leaving&lt;/strong&gt; its authority.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Here we adopt and extend an important intuition from Karl Popper.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In the paradox of tolerance, Popper did not simply propose banning intolerant ideas. As long as they could be confronted through rational argument and public opinion, suppression was unjustified. The rupture comes when argument is abandoned in favor of violence or the threat of violence.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We apply the same principle to community self-government.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A community may say:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;“We believe you are wrong.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It may say:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;“This conduct violates our norms.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It may say:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;“You cannot represent our association if you reject what it stands for.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It may not conclude:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;“You are forbidden to question what we believe.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Disagreement is not coercion.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Social criticism is not coercion.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ostracism is not necessarily coercion.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Losing a role within a voluntary association is not necessarily coercion.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If every social consequence were called violence, no community could possess norms and no moral capital could exist.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The limit lies in violence, threat, confinement, prevention of exit, or the use of coercive power to make a doctrine immune to criticism.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; no community has the right to make its ideas infallible by force.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;vii-conscience-cannot-be-delegated-5&#34;&gt;VII. Conscience cannot be delegated&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“When law and duty are one…”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Frank Herbert, 1965, &lt;em&gt;Dune&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Belonging to a community does not transfer the conscience of its members to that community.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Law, custom, tradition, vote, or superior order do not erase the individual’s moral responsibility for his or her own actions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Thoreau rejected the idea that the mere existence of a law is sufficient to transform obedience into moral duty.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This is particularly important in a society of autonomous communities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Self-government does not mean:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;the community decided, therefore it is right.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It means only that the community possesses legitimacy to govern what genuinely belongs to its domain.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The individual remains free to disagree.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To argue.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To refuse personal participation.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;And, where possible, to leave.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A free society must be able to live with those who say &lt;strong&gt;no&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; political authority does not replace individual conscience.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;viii-we-are-fallibilists-5&#34;&gt;VIII. We are fallibilists&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“I learn slowly.”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Ursula K. Le Guin, 1974, &lt;em&gt;The Dispossessed&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No individual knows everything.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No community knows everything.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No government knows everything.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No model knows everything.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is precisely because we err that we need the freedom to experiment, criticize, and abandon institutions that do not work.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hannah Arendt placed &lt;strong&gt;plurality&lt;/strong&gt; among the fundamental conditions of politics: different people see the world from different perspectives and must act together without ceasing to be distinct.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Popper adds an epistemological consequence: an open institution must allow errors to be discovered instead of shielding them from criticism.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hayek demonstrates a similar problem in economics: relevant knowledge is dispersed and cannot be fully gathered by a single authority.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Thoreau adds the moral dimension: even when everyone else agrees, the individual’s conscience remains his or her own.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We therefore prefer systems in which it is possible to:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;contest, experiment, compare, leave, and correct.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We do not merely want good rulers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We want institutions capable of surviving bad rulers, bad ideas, and our own mistaken certainties.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; institutions should be built on the assumption that their leaders, members, and founders may be wrong.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;ix-liberty-is-a-historical-direction-5&#34;&gt;IX. Liberty is a historical direction&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Do not let the past be a straitjacket!”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Robert A. Heinlein, 1966, &lt;em&gt;The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Liberty is not a binary condition.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Societies do not suddenly move from “unfree” to “free.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Technology, productivity, knowledge, customs, and legal forms alter what can be organized without coercion.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Every generation inherits institutions built under limitations that earlier generations could not overcome.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;That does not make every historical institution just.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Nor does it require us to judge people of the past as if they automatically possessed our institutions, knowledge, or material possibilities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We must distinguish:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;the moral principle&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;from&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;the historical capacity to realize it.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;New productive technologies may render old forms of coerced labor unnecessary.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;New legal institutions may make possible relationships that were previously difficult to organize.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;New communication technologies may make it possible to coordinate communities spread across the planet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;New monetary forms may make viable what once necessarily depended on intermediaries.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;And new political experiments may demonstrate that powers once thought inseparable can, in fact, be divided.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Fallibilism prevents us from demanding instantaneous perfection.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But it also prevents us from turning historical imperfections into eternal excuses.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When we discover a less coercive way to achieve a given purpose, the old coercion must justify itself anew.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; the progress of liberty consists in continually expanding the space of possible choice.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;x-markets-are-mechanisms-of-discovery-5&#34;&gt;X. Markets are mechanisms of discovery&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“To succeed, planning alone is insufficient. One must improvise as well.”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Isaac Asimov, 1951, &lt;em&gt;Foundation&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We defend markets not because individuals are infallible.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We defend them precisely because they are not.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Economic knowledge is distributed among millions of people.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Prices, profits, losses, and competition allow local information to influence decisions without first having to be assembled within a central authority.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This is one of Friedrich Hayek’s fundamental contributions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The problem with planning is not merely that planners may be ill-intentioned.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is that &lt;strong&gt;they cannot possess all the information they seek to use&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mathematics, econometrics, and modeling are not enemies of this view.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Models help us understand relationships.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The error begins when we confuse the model with the reality it abstracts.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Microeconomics provides the mechanisms from which aggregate phenomena emerge.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Macroeconomics should not treat those aggregates as though they existed independently of the people, incentives, prices, and institutions that produce them.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; markets do not eliminate error; they distribute discovery and correction.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xi-market-is-not-privilege-5&#34;&gt;XI. Market is not privilege&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“where people can come without crawling to Potter.”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Frank Capra, 1946, &lt;em&gt;It’s a Wonderful Life&lt;/em&gt; — film&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Defending markets does not mean defending every existing company.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Selective subsidies, protected monopolies, artificial barriers to entry, and regulatory capture replace competition with privilege.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Companies are legitimate forms of association.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Their owners possess broad authority over the resources they own and over the direction of the organization.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But property does not turn other people into property.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Employees, consumers, and third parties retain their own domains and legitimate interests.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A company exists within a network of relationships.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When its actions produce significant externalities upon others, those affected acquire a legitimate interest in determining the limits of those actions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; property creates authority over resources; not sovereignty over people.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xii-technology-can-expand-the-territory-of-liberty-5&#34;&gt;XII. Technology can expand the territory of liberty&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Information technology has freed cultures…”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Neal Stephenson, 1995, &lt;em&gt;The Diamond Age&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Legal rights matter.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But technology can alter what must be requested from an authority in the first place.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The cypherpunks understood this clearly.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Eric Hughes summarized one of their fundamental premises:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Privacy is necessary for an open society.”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Privacy should not depend solely on a legal promise.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It can be reinforced by cryptography.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Communication can be protected by protocols.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Reputation can exist without mandatory civil identity.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Money can circulate without necessarily requiring trust in a single intermediary.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Communities can exist independently of territorial borders.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tim May recognized early that cryptography and digital networks would enable forms of human association that territorial states would struggle to fit into traditional categories.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The experience of the cypherpunks themselves demonstrated something else:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;a voluntary, decentralized, strongly individualistic community can still possess culture, informal authority, reputation, and moral capital.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Liberty does not imply the absence of community.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It implies that community need not mean central command.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; when technology allows compulsory dependence to be replaced by choice, it expands the possible territory of liberty.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xiii-money-can-also-be-a-choice-5&#34;&gt;XIII. Money can also be a choice&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Control the coinage and the courts—let the rabble have the rest.”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Frank Herbert, 1965, &lt;em&gt;Dune&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Money is simultaneously technology, institution, and information.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is no reason to presume that only one form of money may be legitimate.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Public, private, community, or digital currencies may coexist and compete.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hayek explicitly explored the possibility of competition among currency issuers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Later technologies vastly expanded the range of what can be attempted.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Bitcoin demonstrated that even monetary scarcity and transaction settlement can be organized through a network without a central issuer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We need not presume that the currently dominant monetary form will be the final one.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; what people voluntarily accept as money does not require sovereign origin in order to acquire legitimacy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xiv-liberty-requires-the-possibility-of-exit-5&#34;&gt;XIV. Liberty requires the possibility of exit&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Those who build walls…”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Ursula K. Le Guin, 1974, &lt;em&gt;The Dispossessed&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A voluntary community remains voluntary only if the possibility of leaving it is real.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Not every exit is easy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Family, identity, religion, language, property, reputation, and personal relationships create costs that may be unavoidable.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We do not confuse every cost with coercion.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But a community should not deliberately turn bonds into a prison.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The possibility of exit also disciplines institutions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Communities compete to retain their members.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Companies compete for workers and consumers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Currencies compete for trust.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Services compete for users.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Where there is no possibility of exit, that discipline disappears.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But exit does not replace voice.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A member of a community should not have to choose between submission and departure in every disagreement.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;He or she should be able to argue.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To criticize.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To persuade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Only when coexistence becomes impossible does exit become the final mechanism for protecting liberty.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; voice and exit are complementary mechanisms of liberty.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xv-the-form-of-government-also-belongs-to-the-community-5&#34;&gt;XV. The form of government also belongs to the community&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“The machinery of government is always subordinate…”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Frank Herbert, 1976, &lt;em&gt;Children of Dune&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Liberty is not synonymous with universal suffrage over every decision.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;One community may organize itself through direct voting.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Another through representation.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Another through councils.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Another through traditional authorities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;An association may choose its leaders through election, sortition, seniority, merit, or any other mechanism recognized by its members.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;An indirect, elitist, or hierarchical political structure is not necessarily incompatible with liberty.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The decisive question is different:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;what is the domain of that authority, and how far may it coerce?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A church does not need to elect its priests by universal suffrage.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A company does not need to submit every decision to its customers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A traditional community may entrust certain decisions to elders.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Institutional pluralism means recognizing that different communities may discover different forms of representation and decision-making.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The limit remains the same:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;no form of government turns its rulers into owners of the people they govern.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; democracy is one possible technology of governance; liberty is the boundary within which any technology of governance must operate.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xvi-a-free-population-retains-the-means-of-defense-5&#34;&gt;XVI. A free population retains the means of defense&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“No conscript armies.”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Robert A. Heinlein, 1966, &lt;em&gt;The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The absolute concentration of force in a single institution creates a dangerous asymmetry between those who govern and those who are governed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Peaceful citizens should be able to retain effective means of defense.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This does not mean that violence is desirable.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It means that the capacity for defense need not be monopolized by a central authority.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Various historical movements that distrusted standing armies preferred some form of armed citizenry or local militia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A free society seeks to reduce the need for force.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It need not, in order to do so, make its citizens incapable of exercising force in defense of themselves or their communities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; the capacity for defense should remain as distributed as reasonably possible.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xvii-justice-should-remain-understandable-and-close-5&#34;&gt;XVII. Justice should remain understandable and close&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“mutual aid between individuals”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Ursula K. Le Guin, 1974, &lt;em&gt;The Dispossessed&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Law exists for people.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It should not become a priestly language accessible only to a specialized class.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Experts are necessary.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But specialization should not produce sovereignty.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Juries and other forms of direct participation preserve a connection between justice and community.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Police power should exist to the extent necessary to respond to citizens and prevent violence and fraud.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It should not become an autonomous power that treats the population as an object of administration.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The greater the coercive power, the greater its accountability should be to those over whom it is exercised.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; force and justice should remain subordinate to society, not the reverse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xviii-cooperation-among-communities-does-not-require-a-common-sovereign-5&#34;&gt;XVIII. Cooperation among communities does not require a common sovereign&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“functions through coordination, not by rule.”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Ursula K. Le Guin, 1969, &lt;em&gt;The Left Hand of Darkness&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The same principle applies internationally.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Different political communities may trade, cooperate, arbitrate disputes, and create common institutions without necessarily surrendering general sovereignty to those institutions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The tradition of &lt;strong&gt;democratic peace&lt;/strong&gt;, associated in modern scholarship with Michael Doyle, draws attention to the historically distinctive relationship among liberal representative regimes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The literature on &lt;strong&gt;commercial or capitalist peace&lt;/strong&gt; adds another mechanism: economically interdependent societies have more to lose when they replace cooperation with conflict.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These hypotheses remain subject to empirical debate.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The political principle we draw from them is more modest:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;voluntary relationships create costs for violence and benefits for cooperation.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We prefer trade to conquest.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Voluntary interdependence to empire.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Functional federation to absorption.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; durable peace should arise, as far as possible, from the advantages of cooperation, not merely from fear of a superior power.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xix-there-is-no-universal-policy-for-every-problem-5&#34;&gt;XIX. There is no universal policy for every problem&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Circumstances alter cases.”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Robert A. Heinlein, 1966, &lt;em&gt;The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;An immigration policy suitable for one city may be unsuitable for another.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;An environmental rule necessary for one watershed may make no sense in another region.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;An urban policy for a metropolis need not be imposed upon a village.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The correct answer often depends on information that exists only near the problem.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The first question therefore should not always be:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“what is the correct policy?”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Before it comes another:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“which community is relevant to deciding this question?”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In some cases it will be the individual.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In others, the condominium.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In others, a city.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In others, an association spanning several territories.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In others, several communities will need to cooperate.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is no politically sacred scale.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; governance should seek the smallest scale capable of addressing the problem adequately.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xx-we-do-not-want-a-better-center-5&#34;&gt;XX. We do not want a better center&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Change is freedom.”&lt;/strong&gt;\
— Ursula K. Le Guin, 1974, &lt;em&gt;The Dispossessed&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Between the isolated individual and the sovereign state lies almost all of society.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Families.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Companies.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Churches.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Municipalities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Associations.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Clubs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cooperatives.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Markets.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Networks.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Digital communities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Temporary federations.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Institutions we have not yet invented.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We do not wish to replace them with a single authority supposedly capable of representing them all.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Nor do we wish to abolish collective action.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We want to multiply the places in which it can occur.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ostrom showed that real human systems often escape the simple dichotomy between market and state.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Arendt showed the importance of plurality and collective action.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Thoreau affirmed the moral independence of the individual before authority.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hayek showed the limits of centralized knowledge.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Popper explained why institutions must remain open to criticism.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Haidt drew attention to the moral conditions that make social cohesion possible.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Proudhon and radical federalists imagined political structures built from the bottom up.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hughes, May, and the cypherpunks demonstrated that new technologies can enable forms of liberty and association that earlier territorial institutions could not provide.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;None of them wrote this manifesto.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;None of them need agree with all of its conclusions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We are not looking for political scripture.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We are looking for a tradition of problems, experiments, and ideas from which we can learn.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;And we must remain prepared to discover that we, too, are wrong.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;synthesis-5&#34;&gt;Synthesis&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We are &lt;strong&gt;liberals&lt;/strong&gt; because we presume liberty before coercion.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We are &lt;strong&gt;polycentric&lt;/strong&gt; because we recognize multiple communities and multiple legitimate centers of decision.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We are &lt;strong&gt;pluralists&lt;/strong&gt; because we do not wish to impose a single conception of the good life.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We are &lt;strong&gt;associationists&lt;/strong&gt; because we know that liberty does not mean solitude, and that communities need sufficient trust to exist.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We are &lt;strong&gt;fallibilists&lt;/strong&gt; because no individual, community, or institution is immune to error.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We defend markets because knowledge is dispersed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We defend communities because human cooperation requires more than contracts.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We defend criticism because no tradition is infallible.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We defend open technology because new tools can expand the domain of choice.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We defend exit because association without the possibility of exit can become subjection.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We defend cooperation because decentralization does not mean isolation.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We do not desire a society without institutions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We desire institutions that know the limits of their competence.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We do not desire a society without authority.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We desire authority without presumed sovereignty.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We do not desire a society without tradition.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We desire traditions capable of surviving criticism without having to silence it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We do not desire a perfect society.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A society that considers itself perfect has already begun to lose the capacity to correct its errors.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Liberty is not a finished project.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We do not know which technologies, institutions, and forms of community will allow future generations to be freer than we are.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Our task is merely not to close that path.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;And whenever it becomes possible to exchange coercion for choice, privilege for competition, silence for criticism, and subjection for association, we should do so.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Perhaps immediately.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Perhaps after learning how.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Perhaps, as a Brazilian humorist once put it, only by late afternoon.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But always in the same direction:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Libertas quae sera tamen.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/blockquote&gt;
    </content>
    <updated>2026-09-23T04:57:30Z</updated>
  </entry>

  <entry>
    <id>https://njump.me/nevent1qqs8r3xj7g9048u3ml0x5huv0k769xl8qlzpvrvxmun64d8lx6d4pzqpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cep8jhg</id>
    
      <title type="html">Manifesto pela liberdade, comunidade e associação ...</title>
    
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      Manifesto pela liberdade, comunidade e associação&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;blockquote class=&#34;border-l-05rem border-l-strongpink border-solid&#34;&gt;&lt;div class=&#34;-ml-4 bg-gradient-to-r from-gray-100 dark:from-zinc-800 to-transparent mr-0 mt-0 mb-4 pl-4 pr-2 py-2&#34;&gt;quoting &lt;br/&gt;&lt;span itemprop=&#34;mentions&#34; itemscope itemtype=&#34;https://schema.org/Article&#34;&gt;&lt;a itemprop=&#34;url&#34; href=&#34;/naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzq0l6cwnvsk0242xdmkevwqp2dcgtx0h7hyksykc5att03gkk2ejhqyvhwumn8ghj7etnwpjkc6r09enkjunfdehjummjvuhsz9mhwden5te0wfjkccte9ec8y6tdv9kzumn9wshsqyr323a9ys2pdekns32ctpf8xsj40eg47z&#34; class=&#34;bg-lavender dark:prose:text-neutral-50 dark:text-neutral-50 dark:bg-garnet px-1&#34;&gt;naddr1qv…g47z&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; 
&lt;h2 id=&#34;manifesto-pela-liberdade-comunidade-e-associação-5&#34;&gt;Manifesto pela liberdade, comunidade e associação&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;O grande poeta Vinicius de Moraes disse certa vez:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Um libertas quae sera tamen \
Que um dia traduzi num exame escrito: \
‘Liberta que serás também’&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mas a tradução de que mais gosto veio quase meio século depois, quando Beto Silva trouxe uma versão ainda mais carioca:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Liberdade, ainda que à tardinha.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A liberdade nunca surgiu pronta, perfeitamente definida e corretamente traduzida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cada época recebeu instituições, costumes, conhecimentos e tecnologias que tornavam algumas liberdades possíveis e outras difíceis até de imaginar. O progresso político não consiste em descobrir de uma vez a sociedade perfeita, mas em ampliar continuamente o espaço no qual coerção pode ser substituída por escolha, monopólio por concorrência, comando por cooperação e soberania por associação.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não propomos uma sociedade final.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Propomos princípios pelos quais sociedades diferentes possam descobrir seus próprios caminhos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;i-o-indivíduo-é-soberano-naquilo-que-é-propriamente-seu-5&#34;&gt;I. O indivíduo é soberano naquilo que é propriamente seu&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“I alone am morally responsible.”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Robert A. Heinlein, 1966, &lt;em&gt;The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existe um domínio no qual a decisão pertence primordialmente ao indivíduo: sua consciência, suas ideias, sua residência e propriedade privada, suas relações voluntárias, sua comunicação e suas escolhas pessoais que não imponham dano relevante a terceiros.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Desaprovação não é dano.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ofensa não é violência.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Divergência não cria, por si mesma, competência para coagir.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;O fato de uma maioria desejar determinada conduta não lhe concede automaticamente jurisdição sobre a vida de quem discorda.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Henry David Thoreau levou esse princípio particularmente longe ao imaginar um Estado que reconhecesse o indivíduo como um poder superior e independente, do qual a própria autoridade estatal derivaria.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não afirmamos que indivíduos vivem isolados. Afirmamos apenas que a comunidade não precede moralmente a pessoa em todos os assuntos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; aquilo que concerne somente ao indivíduo pertence ao indivíduo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;ii-onde-surgem-consequências-comuns-surge-uma-comunidade-legítima-5&#34;&gt;II. Onde surgem consequências comuns, surge uma comunidade legítima&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Private where private belongs.”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Robert A. Heinlein, 1966, &lt;em&gt;The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A autonomia individual não elimina bens comuns, externalidades ou interesses compartilhados.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma rua, um rio, um condomínio, uma empresa, uma rede, um mercado ou qualquer recurso compartilhado pode exigir regras comuns.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A legitimidade da decisão coletiva cresce na proporção em que a ação individual produz efeitos relevantes sobre os demais.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Isso significa também que a autoridade coletiva deve ser &lt;strong&gt;proporcional ao problema&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma comunidade não adquire competência universal apenas porque possui competência legítima sobre determinado assunto.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Elinor Ostrom mostrou empiricamente que a administração de bens comuns não precisa ser reduzida à alternativa entre propriedade privada individual e comando estatal central. Pessoas podem criar instituições próprias, frequentemente sobrepostas e organizadas em diferentes escalas, para administrar aquilo que compartilham.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; autoridade acompanha externalidade; competência acompanha função.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;iii-comunidade-é-uma-relação-não-necessariamente-um-território-5&#34;&gt;III. Comunidade é uma relação, não necessariamente um território&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“A culture is—a group of people…”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Neal Stephenson, 1995, &lt;em&gt;The Diamond Age&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma comunidade pode ser geográfica:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;uma vila, um bairro, uma cidade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pode também ser associativa:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;uma igreja, uma empresa, uma cooperativa, uma profissão, uma comunidade virtual, uma associação cultural ou qualquer grupo organizado em torno de uma finalidade comum.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma mesma pessoa pertence a muitas comunidades ao mesmo tempo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Elas podem sobrepor-se sem formar uma única pirâmide.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A comunidade adequada para decidir determinada questão é aquela relacionada à questão, e não necessariamente aquela que ocupa o maior território.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Por isso, rejeitamos a identificação automática entre &lt;strong&gt;sociedade&lt;/strong&gt; e &lt;strong&gt;Estado territorial&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;O projeto constitucional federal espanhol de 1873 expressou uma ideia notavelmente próxima ao declarar:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Todo lo individual es de la pura competencia del individuo.”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;E distribuía depois o municipal, o regional e o nacional às respectivas esferas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Nós estendemos essa lógica para além da geografia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; a comunidade pertinente é definida pela relação pertinente.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;iv-o-poder-deve-subir-não-descer-5&#34;&gt;IV. O poder deve subir, não descer&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“from the bottom up”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Ursula K. Le Guin, 1974, &lt;em&gt;The Dispossessed&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Comunidades menores não recebem sua autonomia como concessão graciosa de autoridades maiores.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;É a autoridade superior que precisa justificar a competência que lhe foi delegada.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Quando várias comunidades encontram um problema que nenhuma pode resolver isoladamente, podem criar instituições comuns para esse fim.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A existência dessa instituição não lhe confere automaticamente competência sobre outros assuntos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Proudhon percebeu que uma federação deixaria de ser verdadeiramente federal se o centro progressivamente absorvesse as competências de seus membros.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma estrada pode justificar um consórcio.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma bacia hidrográfica, outro.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A defesa contra uma ameaça, outro.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Nenhuma dessas necessidades prova que deva existir uma instituição permanente com soberania geral sobre todas as comunidades participantes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; delegação de competência não cria soberania.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;v-comunidades-livres-podem-ser-profundamente-diferentes-5&#34;&gt;V. Comunidades livres podem ser profundamente diferentes&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Some cultures are prosperous; some are not.”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Neal Stephenson, 1995, &lt;em&gt;The Diamond Age&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pluralismo não significa ausência de valores.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Comunidades podem possuir tradições, normas morais, autoridades reconhecidas e expectativas fortes sobre seus membros.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma comunidade religiosa não precisa tornar-se secular para ser livre.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma comunidade tradicional não precisa abandonar suas tradições.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma comunidade experimental não precisa adotar os costumes de seus vizinhos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jonathan Haidt utiliza a expressão &lt;strong&gt;capital moral&lt;/strong&gt; para descrever valores, virtudes, normas, práticas, identidades e instituições que ajudam uma comunidade a controlar oportunismo e sustentar cooperação.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Capital moral é necessário à coesão.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Isso não significa que todo capital moral seja necessariamente bom.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma comunidade pode possuir enorme coesão em torno de valores ruins.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Portanto, consideramos a coesão comunitária importante, mas não sagrada.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Capital moral permite que uma comunidade sobreviva.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não lhe concede direito ilimitado sobre seus integrantes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; liberdade de associação inclui liberdade para formar comunidades moralmente densas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;vi-a-crítica-racional-marca-o-limite-da-autonomia-comunitária-5&#34;&gt;VI. A crítica racional marca o limite da autonomia comunitária&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“You can’t crush ideas by suppressing them.”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Ursula K. Le Guin, 1974, &lt;em&gt;The Dispossessed&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não queremos substituir uma cultura universal imposta pelo Estado por milhares de pequenas tiranias locais.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma comunidade pode defender seus costumes por argumento, exemplo, persuasão, tradição e autoridade moral.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pode determinar quem a representa.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pode excluir de determinada função quem rejeita as condições inerentes àquela função.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mas sua legitimidade começa a desaparecer quando precisa impedir coercitivamente que seus membros &lt;strong&gt;questionem, recusem ou abandonem&lt;/strong&gt; sua autoridade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Aqui adotamos e estendemos uma importante intuição de Karl Popper.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No paradoxo da tolerância, Popper não propôs simplesmente que ideias intolerantes fossem proibidas. Enquanto fosse possível enfrentá-las pelo argumento racional e pela opinião pública, a supressão seria injustificada. A ruptura ocorre quando se abandona o argumento e se passa à violência ou à ameaça dela.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Aplicamos o mesmo princípio ao autogoverno das comunidades.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma comunidade pode dizer:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;“Consideramos você errado.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pode dizer:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;“Esta conduta viola nossas normas.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pode dizer:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;“Você não pode representar nossa associação se rejeita aquilo que ela representa.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não pode concluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;“Você está proibido de questionar aquilo em que acreditamos.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Discordância não é coerção.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Crítica social não é coerção.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ostracismo não é necessariamente coerção.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Perder uma função numa associação voluntária não é necessariamente coerção.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Se toda consequência social fosse chamada de violência, nenhuma comunidade poderia possuir normas e nenhum capital moral poderia existir.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;O limite está em violência, ameaça, confinamento, impedimento de saída ou utilização do poder coercitivo para tornar uma doutrina imune à crítica.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; nenhuma comunidade possui direito de tornar suas ideias infalíveis pela força.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;vii-a-consciência-não-pode-ser-delegada-5&#34;&gt;VII. A consciência não pode ser delegada&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“When law and duty are one…”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Frank Herbert, 1965, &lt;em&gt;Dune&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pertencer a uma comunidade não transfere a ela a consciência de seus membros.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Lei, costume, tradição, voto ou ordem superior não eliminam a responsabilidade moral do indivíduo por aquilo que ele próprio faz.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Thoreau recusou a ideia de que a existência de uma lei fosse suficiente para transformar obediência em dever moral.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Isso é particularmente importante numa sociedade de comunidades autônomas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Autogoverno não significa:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;a comunidade decidiu, portanto está certa.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Significa apenas que aquela comunidade possui legitimidade para governar aquilo que verdadeiramente pertence ao seu domínio.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;O indivíduo continua podendo discordar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pode argumentar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pode recusar sua própria participação.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;E, quando possível, pode sair.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma sociedade livre precisa ser capaz de conviver com aqueles que dizem &lt;strong&gt;não&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; autoridade política não substitui consciência individual.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;viii-somos-falibilistas-5&#34;&gt;VIII. Somos falibilistas&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“I learn slowly.”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Ursula K. Le Guin, 1974, &lt;em&gt;The Dispossessed&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Nenhum indivíduo sabe tudo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Nenhuma comunidade sabe tudo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Nenhum governo sabe tudo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Nenhum modelo sabe tudo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;É precisamente porque erramos que precisamos de liberdade para experimentar, criticar e abandonar instituições que não funcionam.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hannah Arendt colocou a &lt;strong&gt;pluralidade&lt;/strong&gt; entre as condições fundamentais da política: pessoas diferentes veem o mundo de perspectivas diferentes e precisam agir juntas sem deixar de ser distintas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Popper acrescenta uma consequência epistemológica: uma instituição aberta precisa permitir a descoberta de erros em vez de protegê-los contra crítica.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hayek demonstra problema semelhante na economia: conhecimento relevante está disperso e não pode ser integralmente reunido por uma única autoridade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Thoreau acrescenta a dimensão moral: mesmo quando todos os demais concordam, a consciência do indivíduo permanece sua.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Por isso preferimos sistemas nos quais seja possível:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;contestar, experimentar, comparar, sair e corrigir.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não queremos apenas bons governantes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Queremos instituições capazes de sobreviver a governantes ruins, ideias ruins e às nossas próprias certezas equivocadas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; instituições devem ser construídas supondo que seus dirigentes, seus membros e seus fundadores podem estar errados.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;ix-a-liberdade-é-uma-direção-histórica-5&#34;&gt;IX. A liberdade é uma direção histórica&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Do not let the past be a straitjacket!”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Robert A. Heinlein, 1966, &lt;em&gt;The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A liberdade não é um estado binário.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sociedades não passam subitamente de “não livres” para “livres”.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tecnologia, produtividade, conhecimento, costumes e formas jurídicas alteram aquilo que pode ser organizado sem coerção.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cada geração recebe instituições construídas sob limitações que gerações anteriores não conseguiram superar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Isso não torna toda instituição histórica justa.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Também não exige que julguemos os homens do passado como se dispusessem automaticamente de nossas instituições, conhecimentos ou possibilidades materiais.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Devemos distinguir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;o princípio moral&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;da&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;capacidade histórica de realizá-lo.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Novas tecnologias produtivas podem tornar desnecessárias formas antigas de trabalho coercitivo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Novas instituições jurídicas podem permitir relações antes difíceis de organizar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Novas tecnologias de comunicação podem tornar possível a coordenação de comunidades espalhadas pelo planeta.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Novas formas monetárias podem tornar viável aquilo que antes dependia necessariamente de intermediários.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;E novas experiências políticas podem demonstrar que competências antes consideradas inseparáveis podem ser divididas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;O falibilismo nos impede de exigir perfeição instantânea.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mas impede também que transformemos imperfeições históricas em desculpas eternas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Quando descobrimos uma maneira menos coercitiva de alcançar determinada finalidade, a antiga coerção precisa novamente justificar sua existência.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; o progresso da liberdade consiste em ampliar continuamente o espaço da escolha possível.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;x-mercados-são-mecanismos-de-descoberta-5&#34;&gt;X. Mercados são mecanismos de descoberta&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“To succeed, planning alone is insufficient. One must improvise as well.”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Isaac Asimov, 1951, &lt;em&gt;Foundation&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Defendemos mercados não porque indivíduos sejam infalíveis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Defendemo-los precisamente porque não são.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Conhecimento econômico está distribuído entre milhões de pessoas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Preços, lucros, prejuízos e concorrência permitem que informações locais influenciem decisões sem precisar ser reunidas previamente numa autoridade central.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Essa é uma das contribuições fundamentais de Friedrich Hayek.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;O problema do planejamento não é apenas que planejadores possam ser mal-intencionados.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;É que &lt;strong&gt;não podem possuir toda a informação que pretendem utilizar&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Matemática, econometria e modelagem não são inimigas dessa concepção.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Modelos ajudam a compreender relações.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;O erro começa quando confundimos o modelo com a realidade que ele abstrai.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Microeconomia fornece os mecanismos dos quais emergem fenômenos agregados.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A macroeconomia não deve tratá-los como se existissem independentemente das pessoas, incentivos, preços e instituições que os produzem.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; mercados não eliminam erros; distribuem descoberta e correção.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xi-mercado-não-é-privilégio-5&#34;&gt;XI. Mercado não é privilégio&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“where people can come without crawling to Potter.”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Frank Capra, 1946, &lt;em&gt;It’s a Wonderful Life&lt;/em&gt; — filme&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Defender mercado não significa defender toda empresa existente.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Subsídios seletivos, monopólios protegidos, barreiras artificiais à entrada e captura regulatória substituem competição por privilégio.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Empresas são formas legítimas de associação.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Seus proprietários possuem ampla autoridade sobre os recursos que lhes pertencem e sobre a direção da organização.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mas propriedade não transforma outras pessoas em propriedade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Empregados, consumidores e terceiros continuam possuindo seus próprios domínios e interesses legítimos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A empresa existe dentro de uma rede de relações.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Quando sua atuação produz externalidades relevantes sobre outros, surge legitimidade para que os afetados participem da determinação dos limites dessa atuação.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; propriedade cria autoridade sobre recursos; não soberania sobre pessoas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xii-a-tecnologia-pode-ampliar-o-território-da-liberdade-5&#34;&gt;XII. A tecnologia pode ampliar o território da liberdade&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Information technology has freed cultures…”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Neal Stephenson, 1995, &lt;em&gt;The Diamond Age&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Direitos jurídicos são importantes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mas tecnologia pode alterar aquilo que é necessário pedir a uma autoridade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Os cypherpunks perceberam isso claramente.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Eric Hughes resumiu uma de suas premissas fundamentais:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Privacy is necessary for an open society.”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Privacidade não deveria depender apenas de uma promessa legal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pode ser reforçada por criptografia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Comunicação pode ser protegida por protocolos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Reputação pode existir sem identidade civil obrigatória.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Dinheiro pode circular sem exigir necessariamente confiança num único intermediário.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Comunidades podem existir independentemente de fronteiras territoriais.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tim May percebeu cedo que criptografia e redes digitais permitiriam associações humanas que os Estados territoriais teriam dificuldade em enquadrar em suas categorias tradicionais.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A experiência dos próprios cypherpunks mostrou também outra coisa:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;uma comunidade voluntária, descentralizada e fortemente individualista ainda pode possuir cultura, autoridade informal, reputação e capital moral.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Liberdade não implica ausência de comunidade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Implica que comunidade não precise significar comando central.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; quando tecnologia permite substituir dependência compulsória por escolha, ela amplia o território possível da liberdade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xiii-dinheiro-também-pode-ser-uma-escolha-5&#34;&gt;XIII. Dinheiro também pode ser uma escolha&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Control the coinage and the courts—let the rabble have the rest.”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Frank Herbert, 1965, &lt;em&gt;Dune&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Dinheiro é simultaneamente tecnologia, instituição e informação.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não existe razão para presumir que somente uma única forma de dinheiro possa ser legítima.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Moedas públicas, privadas, comunitárias ou digitais podem coexistir e competir.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hayek explorou explicitamente a possibilidade de concorrência entre emissores monetários.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tecnologias posteriores ampliaram enormemente o universo daquilo que pode ser tentado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Bitcoin demonstrou que até escassez monetária e liquidação de transações podem ser organizadas por uma rede sem um emissor central.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não precisamos presumir que a forma monetária atualmente dominante será a forma final.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; aquilo que pessoas aceitam voluntariamente como dinheiro não precisa de uma origem soberana para adquirir legitimidade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xiv-liberdade-exige-possibilidade-de-saída-5&#34;&gt;XIV. Liberdade exige possibilidade de saída&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Those who build walls…”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Ursula K. Le Guin, 1974, &lt;em&gt;The Dispossessed&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma comunidade voluntária só permanece voluntária se a possibilidade de abandoná-la for real.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Nem toda saída é fácil.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Família, identidade, religião, língua, patrimônio, reputação e relações pessoais criam custos que podem ser inevitáveis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não confundimos todo custo com coerção.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mas uma comunidade não deve deliberadamente transformar vínculos em prisão.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A possibilidade de saída também disciplina instituições.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Comunidades competem pela permanência de seus membros.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Empresas competem por trabalhadores e consumidores.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Moedas competem por confiança.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Serviços competem por usuários.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Quando não existe possibilidade de saída, essa disciplina desaparece.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mas saída não substitui voz.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;O membro de uma comunidade não precisa escolher entre submissão e abandono diante de toda divergência.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ele deve poder argumentar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Criticar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tentar convencer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Só quando a convivência deixa de ser possível a saída torna-se o mecanismo final de proteção da liberdade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; voz e saída são mecanismos complementares de liberdade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xv-a-forma-de-governo-pertence-também-à-comunidade-5&#34;&gt;XV. A forma de governo pertence também à comunidade&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“The machinery of government is always subordinate…”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Frank Herbert, 1976, &lt;em&gt;Children of Dune&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Liberdade não é sinônimo de sufrágio universal sobre todas as decisões.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma comunidade pode organizar-se por votação direta.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Outra por representação.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Outra por conselhos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Outra por autoridades tradicionais.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma associação pode escolher seus dirigentes por eleição, sorteio, antiguidade, mérito ou qualquer mecanismo que seus membros reconheçam.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma estrutura política indireta, elitista ou hierárquica não é necessariamente incompatível com liberdade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A questão decisiva é outra:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;qual é o domínio dessa autoridade e até onde ela pode coagir?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma igreja não precisa eleger seus sacerdotes por sufrágio universal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma empresa não precisa submeter todas as decisões a seus clientes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma comunidade tradicional pode confiar determinadas decisões a anciãos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pluralismo institucional significa admitir que diferentes comunidades podem encontrar formas distintas de representação e decisão.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;O limite continua sendo o mesmo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;nenhuma forma de governo transforma seus dirigentes em proprietários das pessoas governadas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; democracia é uma possível tecnologia de governança; liberdade é o limite dentro do qual qualquer tecnologia de governança precisa operar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xvi-uma-população-livre-conserva-meios-de-defesa-5&#34;&gt;XVI. Uma população livre conserva meios de defesa&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“No conscript armies.”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Robert A. Heinlein, 1966, &lt;em&gt;The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A concentração absoluta da força em uma única instituição cria uma assimetria perigosa entre quem governa e quem é governado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cidadãos pacíficos devem poder conservar meios efetivos de defesa.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Isso não significa que violência seja desejável.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Significa que a capacidade de defesa não precisa ser monopólio de uma autoridade central.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Diversos movimentos históricos que desconfiaram de exércitos permanentes preferiram alguma forma de cidadão armado ou milícia local.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma sociedade livre busca reduzir a necessidade da força.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não precisa, para isso, tornar seus cidadãos incapazes de exercê-la em defesa própria ou de suas comunidades.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; a capacidade de defesa deve permanecer tão distribuída quanto razoavelmente possível.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xvii-justiça-deve-permanecer-compreensível-e-próxima-5&#34;&gt;XVII. Justiça deve permanecer compreensível e próxima&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“mutual aid between individuals”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Ursula K. Le Guin, 1974, &lt;em&gt;The Dispossessed&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A lei existe para pessoas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não deve transformar-se numa linguagem sacerdotal acessível apenas a uma classe especializada.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Especialistas são necessários.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mas especialização não deve produzir soberania.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Júris e outras formas de participação direta mantêm uma ligação entre justiça e comunidade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;O poder policial deve existir na medida necessária para responder aos cidadãos e impedir violência e fraude.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não deve tornar-se um poder autônomo que trate a população como objeto de administração.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Quanto maior o poder coercitivo, maior deve ser sua responsabilidade diante daqueles sobre os quais é exercido.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; força e justiça devem permanecer subordinadas à sociedade, não o contrário.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xviii-cooperação-entre-comunidades-não-exige-um-soberano-comum-5&#34;&gt;XVIII. Cooperação entre comunidades não exige um soberano comum&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“functions through coordination, not by rule.”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Ursula K. Le Guin, 1969, &lt;em&gt;The Left Hand of Darkness&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;O mesmo princípio vale em escala internacional.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Comunidades políticas diferentes podem comerciar, cooperar, arbitrar conflitos e criar instituições comuns sem necessariamente entregar a essas instituições soberania geral.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A tradição da &lt;strong&gt;paz democrática&lt;/strong&gt;, associada modernamente a Michael Doyle, chama atenção para a relação historicamente peculiar entre regimes liberais representativos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A literatura da &lt;strong&gt;paz comercial ou capitalista&lt;/strong&gt; acrescenta outro mecanismo: sociedades economicamente interdependentes possuem mais a perder quando substituem cooperação por conflito.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Essas hipóteses continuam sujeitas a debate empírico.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;O princípio político que delas retiramos é mais modesto:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;relações voluntárias criam custos para a violência e benefícios para a cooperação.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Preferimos comércio a conquista.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Interdependência voluntária a império.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Federação funcional a absorção.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; paz duradoura deve surgir tanto quanto possível da vantagem da cooperação, não apenas do medo de um poder superior.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xix-não-existe-uma-política-universal-para-todo-problema-5&#34;&gt;XIX. Não existe uma política universal para todo problema&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Circumstances alter cases.”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Robert A. Heinlein, 1966, &lt;em&gt;The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma política migratória adequada a uma cidade pode ser inadequada a outra.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma regra ambiental necessária para uma bacia hidrográfica pode não fazer sentido em outra região.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma política urbana para uma metrópole não precisa ser imposta a uma vila.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A resposta correta depende frequentemente de informação que só existe perto do problema.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Por isso, a pergunta inicial não deve ser sempre:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“qual é a política correta?”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Antes dela existe outra:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“quem é a comunidade pertinente para decidir esta questão?”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Em alguns casos será o indivíduo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Em outros, o condomínio.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Em outros, uma cidade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Em outros, uma associação que atravessa vários territórios.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Em outros, várias comunidades precisarão cooperar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não existe uma escala politicamente sagrada.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Princípio:&lt;/strong&gt; governança deve procurar a menor escala capaz de tratar adequadamente o problema.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;xx-não-queremos-um-centro-melhor-5&#34;&gt;XX. Não queremos um centro melhor&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Change is freedom.”&lt;/strong&gt; \
— Ursula K. Le Guin, 1974, &lt;em&gt;The Dispossessed&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Entre o indivíduo isolado e o Estado soberano existe quase toda a sociedade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Famílias.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Empresas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Igrejas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Municípios.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Associações.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Clubes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cooperativas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mercados.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Redes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Comunidades digitais.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Federações temporárias.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Instituições que ainda não inventamos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não queremos substituí-las por uma única autoridade supostamente capaz de representar todas elas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Também não queremos abolir a ação coletiva.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Queremos multiplicar os lugares nos quais ela possa acontecer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ostrom mostrou que sistemas humanos reais frequentemente escapam da dicotomia simples entre mercado e Estado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Arendt mostrou a importância da pluralidade e da ação conjunta.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Thoreau afirmou a independência moral do indivíduo diante da autoridade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hayek mostrou os limites do conhecimento centralizado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Popper explicou por que instituições precisam permanecer abertas à crítica.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Haidt chamou atenção para as condições morais que tornam possível a coesão comunitária.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Proudhon e os federalistas radicais imaginaram estruturas políticas construídas de baixo para cima.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hughes, May e os cypherpunks demonstraram que novas tecnologias podem permitir formas de liberdade e associação que instituições territoriais anteriores não podiam oferecer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Nenhum deles escreveu este manifesto.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Nenhum deles precisa concordar com todas as suas conclusões.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não procuramos uma escritura política.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Procuramos uma tradição de problemas, experiências e ideias da qual podemos aprender.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;E devemos estar preparados para descobrir que também estamos errados.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1 id=&#34;síntese-5&#34;&gt;Síntese&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Somos &lt;strong&gt;liberais&lt;/strong&gt; porque presumimos a liberdade antes da coerção.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Somos &lt;strong&gt;policêntricos&lt;/strong&gt; porque reconhecemos múltiplas comunidades e múltiplos centros legítimos de decisão.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Somos &lt;strong&gt;pluralistas&lt;/strong&gt; porque não queremos impor uma única concepção de vida boa.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Somos &lt;strong&gt;associacionistas&lt;/strong&gt; porque sabemos que liberdade não significa solidão e que comunidades precisam de confiança suficiente para existir.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Somos &lt;strong&gt;falibilistas&lt;/strong&gt; porque nenhum indivíduo, comunidade ou instituição está imune ao erro.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Defendemos mercados porque conhecimento está disperso.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Defendemos comunidades porque cooperação humana exige mais do que contratos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Defendemos crítica porque nenhuma tradição é infalível.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Defendemos tecnologia aberta porque novas ferramentas podem ampliar o domínio da escolha.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Defendemos saída porque associação sem possibilidade de saída pode tornar-se sujeição.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Defendemos cooperação porque descentralização não significa isolamento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não desejamos uma sociedade sem instituições.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Desejamos instituições que conheçam os limites de sua competência.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não desejamos uma sociedade sem autoridade.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Desejamos autoridade sem soberania presumida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não desejamos uma sociedade sem tradição.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Desejamos tradições capazes de sobreviver à crítica sem precisar silenciá-la.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não desejamos uma sociedade perfeita.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma sociedade que se considere perfeita já começou a perder a capacidade de corrigir seus erros.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A liberdade não é um projeto terminado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Não sabemos quais tecnologias, instituições e formas de comunidade permitirão às próximas gerações serem mais livres do que somos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cabe-nos apenas não fechar esse caminho.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;E, quando for possível trocar coerção por escolha, privilégio por concorrência, silêncio por crítica e submissão por associação, devemos fazê-lo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Talvez imediatamente.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Talvez depois de aprender como.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Talvez, como ironizou um mineiro, apenas à tardinha.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mas sempre na mesma direção:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Libertas quae sera tamen.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/blockquote&gt;
    </content>
    <updated>2026-09-23T04:46:17Z</updated>
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      &lt;blockquote class=&#34;border-l-05rem border-l-strongpink border-solid&#34;&gt;&lt;div class=&#34;-ml-4 bg-gradient-to-r from-gray-100 dark:from-zinc-800 to-transparent mr-0 mt-0 mb-4 pl-4 pr-2 py-2&#34;&gt;quoting &lt;span itemprop=&#34;mentions&#34; itemscope itemtype=&#34;https://schema.org/Article&#34;&gt;&lt;a itemprop=&#34;url&#34; href=&#34;/nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzqyyckgqj239y5xsedfj30d5rvn6hxvznjh2dydcdz4xtl4ygt3h0qythwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnswf5k6ctv9ehx2ap0qy88wumn8ghj7mn0wvhxcmmv9uqzqxvg44nf8pxw76l89cvatuykpwav054e73ystfdsq88awu4jaea9sdajvm&#34; class=&#34;bg-lavender dark:prose:text-neutral-50 dark:text-neutral-50 dark:bg-garnet px-1&#34;&gt;nevent1q…ajvm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; Imagem gerada com fract.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt; &lt;img src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/6f6f17b45ec57aa22e550ae31c1bd3f1ec86dd873ff9746fc47f5c714045fb61.png&#34;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Reproduzir:&lt;br/&gt;fract render mandelbrot --center &#34;-0.2596665242082851,0.6494933220450849&#34; --zoom 45120.56225681411 --iterations 64 --max-iterations 1048576 --adaptive=true --palette ocean --smooth=true --width 1024 --height 1024 --output reproduced.png&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Projeto:&lt;br/&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;https://github.com/girino/random-mandelbrot-generator&#34;&gt;https://github.com/girino/random-mandelbrot-generator&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;
    </content>
    <updated>2026-09-20T15:20:02Z</updated>
  </entry>

  <entry>
    <id>https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqqq23jfzxrq4qfatr9xk9xargkuwt0cuy29yv6tgw83xw2w9u2spr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4c6m4fq9</id>
    
      <title>Nostr event nevent1qqsqqqq23jfzxrq4qfatr9xk9xargkuwt0cuy29yv6tgw83xw2w9u2spr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4c6m4fq9</title>
    
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqqq23jfzxrq4qfatr9xk9xargkuwt0cuy29yv6tgw83xw2w9u2spr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4c6m4fq9" />
    <content type="html">
      &lt;video controls width=&#34;100%&#34; class=&#34;max-h-[90vh] bg-neutral-300 dark:bg-zinc-700&#34;&gt;&lt;source src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/c5ab75149fdd57305e5ec21d0c978ab4158984e8650dbfd12f3a9d7a94360b3d.mp4&#34;&gt;&lt;/video&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Trio Irakitan, foi um grupo potiguar que fez muito sucesso nos anos 50 e 60, ganhando as telas dos cinemas, entre esses filmes estão Rio Fantasia, virou Bagunça e 3 colegas de Batina, o trio original era formado por: Edinho, ao violão, Paulo Gilvan, no afoxé, e Joãozinho, que tocava tantã.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Abaixo a participação do trio no filme: Garota Enxuta de 1959 que contava com: Grande Otelo, Ankito, Vera Regina, Renato Restier, Renata Fronzi entre outros ... &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Música: Touradas em Madri de Alberto Ribeiro e João de Barro.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&#34;https://web.facebook.com/reel/1648786542547099&#34;&gt;https://web.facebook.com/reel/1648786542547099&lt;/a&gt;
    </content>
    <updated>2026-09-20T17:51:25Z</updated>
  </entry>

  <entry>
    <id>https://njump.me/nevent1qqsvapvyllh475x4gzmj0mulzxuhvvhc9lk0yg7t5hgsmgcq8yqyxzgpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4c4jpf2t</id>
    
      <title type="html">#nevent1q…yc7s</title>
    
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://njump.me/nevent1qqsvapvyllh475x4gzmj0mulzxuhvvhc9lk0yg7t5hgsmgcq8yqyxzgpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4c4jpf2t" />
    <content type="html">
      &lt;blockquote class=&#34;border-l-05rem border-l-strongpink border-solid&#34;&gt;&lt;div class=&#34;-ml-4 bg-gradient-to-r from-gray-100 dark:from-zinc-800 to-transparent mr-0 mt-0 mb-4 pl-4 pr-2 py-2&#34;&gt;quoting &lt;span itemprop=&#34;mentions&#34; itemscope itemtype=&#34;https://schema.org/Article&#34;&gt;&lt;a itemprop=&#34;url&#34; href=&#34;/nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzqyyckgqj239y5xsedfj30d5rvn6hxvznjh2dydcdz4xtl4ygt3h0qythwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnswf5k6ctv9ehx2ap0qy88wumn8ghj7mn0wvhxcmmv9uqzqtu65tnvllt4u08e6nczvm8p3tdz9r2m97dwpeam6xjtf42p83un3jyc7s&#34; class=&#34;bg-lavender dark:prose:text-neutral-50 dark:text-neutral-50 dark:bg-garnet px-1&#34;&gt;nevent1q…yc7s&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; Imagem gerada com fract.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt; &lt;img src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/82a53c2d4387534128bbc92d8b2a272d70db454ef46b7944dee4bc4dee9bbcc8.png&#34;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Reproduzir:&lt;br/&gt;fract render mandelbrot --center &#34;-0.6938674952543149,0.32745253388785256&#34; --zoom 8868.435949638359 --iterations 64 --max-iterations 1048576 --adaptive=true --palette viridis --smooth=true --width 1024 --height 1024 --output reproduced.png&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Projeto:&lt;br/&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;https://github.com/girino/random-mandelbrot-generator&#34;&gt;https://github.com/girino/random-mandelbrot-generator&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;
    </content>
    <updated>2026-09-20T15:19:54Z</updated>
  </entry>

  <entry>
    <id>https://njump.me/nevent1qqsy65nu49e8dawaw9mszzd86dtvryfa88ye05ukrvhynppvux2uekgpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4c0t0ne5</id>
    
      <title type="html">#nevent1q…259t</title>
    
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://njump.me/nevent1qqsy65nu49e8dawaw9mszzd86dtvryfa88ye05ukrvhynppvux2uekgpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4c0t0ne5" />
    <content type="html">
      &lt;blockquote class=&#34;border-l-05rem border-l-strongpink border-solid&#34;&gt;&lt;div class=&#34;-ml-4 bg-gradient-to-r from-gray-100 dark:from-zinc-800 to-transparent mr-0 mt-0 mb-4 pl-4 pr-2 py-2&#34;&gt;quoting &lt;span itemprop=&#34;mentions&#34; itemscope itemtype=&#34;https://schema.org/Article&#34;&gt;&lt;a itemprop=&#34;url&#34; href=&#34;/nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzqyyckgqj239y5xsedfj30d5rvn6hxvznjh2dydcdz4xtl4ygt3h0qythwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnswf5k6ctv9ehx2ap0qy2hwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnyv9kh2uewd9hj7qpqqke9pal295p23vv3sj2ttvwkqv2qm8ctg2t4dc8yyecpxhv9rk8q9h259t&#34; class=&#34;bg-lavender dark:prose:text-neutral-50 dark:text-neutral-50 dark:bg-garnet px-1&#34;&gt;nevent1q…259t&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; Imagem gerada com fract.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt; &lt;img src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/c256f97f564f291b05e9c8077b929d2c437fd6544839577cf70f5d0b8f14a7cb.png&#34;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Reproduzir:&lt;br/&gt;fract render mandelbrot --center &#34;-0.432194099307767,0.5850164764400848&#34; --zoom 2221.1193970709046 --iterations 64 --max-iterations 1048576 --adaptive=true --palette electric --smooth=true --width 1024 --height 1024 --output reproduced.png&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Projeto:&lt;br/&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;https://github.com/girino/random-mandelbrot-generator&#34;&gt;https://github.com/girino/random-mandelbrot-generator&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;
    </content>
    <updated>2026-09-20T15:19:31Z</updated>
  </entry>

  <entry>
    <id>https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqqqve6zc2gmq3uuca4qvpmq6ffe0p35clc8jt9sf6jh5hyhvsyqpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cf0jjjw</id>
    
      <title>Nostr event nevent1qqsqqqqve6zc2gmq3uuca4qvpmq6ffe0p35clc8jt9sf6jh5hyhvsyqpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cf0jjjw</title>
    
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqqqve6zc2gmq3uuca4qvpmq6ffe0p35clc8jt9sf6jh5hyhvsyqpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cf0jjjw" />
    <content type="html">
       &lt;img src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/519d51e05e598b372fcc53e03ce6e235283a7d3bdcba51540c40af775da98ec8.jpg&#34;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Wins Above Replacement (WAR) is a statistic borrowed from sports analytics, originally baseball. ⚾&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;The basic idea is:&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;How many more wins did this person contribute compared to an average replacement?&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;In baseball, a player with 5 WAR is estimated to have helped his team win about 5 more games than a readily available replacement player would have.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;How does that apply to generals? 💂&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;🪖 Replacement General = a competent but ordinary commander.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;⚔️ WAR = how many additional victories or successful outcomes a commander achieved compared to what an average commander might have accomplished with similar armies, resources, and circumstances.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;So when the chart gives:&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Napoleon ≈ 16.7 WAR&lt;br/&gt;Wellington ≈ 7 WAR&lt;br/&gt;Ney ≈ 2–3 WAR&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;it is essentially arguing that:&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Napoleon produced far more battlefield success than an average commander would have in the same situations.&lt;br/&gt;Wellington also significantly outperformed expectations.&lt;br/&gt;Marshal Ney still added value above an ordinary commander, but not on the same scale as the very top tier.&lt;br/&gt;Why Napoleon is so far ahead&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;The chart isn&amp;#39;t just rewarding the number of battles fought. It rewards:&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;✅ Winning consistently&lt;br/&gt;✅ Defeating strong opponents&lt;br/&gt;✅ Winning when outnumbered or in difficult situations&lt;br/&gt;✅ Sustaining success over many campaigns&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&#34;https://web.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1080960608014870&amp;amp;set=a.133622379415369&#34;&gt;https://web.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1080960608014870&amp;amp;set=a.133622379415369&lt;/a&gt;
    </content>
    <updated>2026-09-20T12:29:43Z</updated>
  </entry>

  <entry>
    <id>https://njump.me/nevent1qqs8d8gs5wc70jxare7rzvys7x9wdhxzngrq3fxru8tj90m66e3fczcpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4c7agqa7</id>
    
      <title type="html">#nevent1q…77m2</title>
    
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://njump.me/nevent1qqs8d8gs5wc70jxare7rzvys7x9wdhxzngrq3fxru8tj90m66e3fczcpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4c7agqa7" />
    <content type="html">
      &lt;blockquote class=&#34;border-l-05rem border-l-strongpink border-solid&#34;&gt;&lt;div class=&#34;-ml-4 bg-gradient-to-r from-gray-100 dark:from-zinc-800 to-transparent mr-0 mt-0 mb-4 pl-4 pr-2 py-2&#34;&gt;quoting &lt;span itemprop=&#34;mentions&#34; itemscope itemtype=&#34;https://schema.org/Article&#34;&gt;&lt;a itemprop=&#34;url&#34; href=&#34;/nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzqyyckgqj239y5xsedfj30d5rvn6hxvznjh2dydcdz4xtl4ygt3h0qythwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnswf5k6ctv9ehx2ap0qy88wumn8ghj7mn0wvhxcmmv9uqzpec29nvh7dmadymy3x2umuv6avu799zdmtw9pn9a88x9s479rhphkx77m2&#34; class=&#34;bg-lavender dark:prose:text-neutral-50 dark:text-neutral-50 dark:bg-garnet px-1&#34;&gt;nevent1q…77m2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; Imagem gerada com fract.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt; &lt;img src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/131ab7c6871c3cc960463ee73bee3cc60f82bf1153e5c9a0a9f3d884f1bf3226.png&#34;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Reproduzir:&lt;br/&gt;fract render mandelbrot --center &#34;0.37997544432149116,-0.13089290827133124&#34; --zoom 231.66263329724677 --iterations 64 --max-iterations 1048576 --adaptive=true --palette grayscale --smooth=true --width 1024 --height 1024 --output reproduced.png&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Projeto:&lt;br/&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;https://github.com/girino/random-mandelbrot-generator&#34;&gt;https://github.com/girino/random-mandelbrot-generator&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;
    </content>
    <updated>2026-09-19T21:15:33Z</updated>
  </entry>

  <entry>
    <id>https://njump.me/nevent1qqsywxfdhkjf94ufdtn0nwkjsvt5anv4jz4khefsmc0a8xygm25s52spr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cztghgp</id>
    
      <title type="html">#nevent1q…kly7</title>
    
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://njump.me/nevent1qqsywxfdhkjf94ufdtn0nwkjsvt5anv4jz4khefsmc0a8xygm25s52spr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cztghgp" />
    <content type="html">
      &lt;blockquote class=&#34;border-l-05rem border-l-strongpink border-solid&#34;&gt;&lt;div class=&#34;-ml-4 bg-gradient-to-r from-gray-100 dark:from-zinc-800 to-transparent mr-0 mt-0 mb-4 pl-4 pr-2 py-2&#34;&gt;quoting &lt;span itemprop=&#34;mentions&#34; itemscope itemtype=&#34;https://schema.org/Article&#34;&gt;&lt;a itemprop=&#34;url&#34; href=&#34;/nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzqyyckgqj239y5xsedfj30d5rvn6hxvznjh2dydcdz4xtl4ygt3h0qythwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnswf5k6ctv9ehx2ap0qy88wumn8ghj7mn0wvhxcmmv9uqzqf8zeglqx0nmy7nvsk54s2v5e43s7exddx5d5tvqhe5fjtsmtm3stgkly7&#34; class=&#34;bg-lavender dark:prose:text-neutral-50 dark:text-neutral-50 dark:bg-garnet px-1&#34;&gt;nevent1q…kly7&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; Imagem gerada com fract.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt; &lt;img src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/efaf691579fda80793457195d041f331d7db36f63189414146a57d9be81c716f.png&#34;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Reproduzir:&lt;br/&gt;fract render mandelbrot --center &#34;0.39113333583833215,0.1265854018632521&#34; --zoom 23.650521661020893 --iterations 64 --max-iterations 1048576 --adaptive=true --palette fire --smooth=true --width 1024 --height 1024 --output reproduced.png&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Projeto:&lt;br/&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;https://github.com/girino/random-mandelbrot-generator&#34;&gt;https://github.com/girino/random-mandelbrot-generator&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;
    </content>
    <updated>2026-09-19T21:15:09Z</updated>
  </entry>

  <entry>
    <id>https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqwkupc9sqj3w58lng4p6j3kzhr6eg79k28svmmkgp3tr68pdu42cpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4c2jrjnr</id>
    
      <title type="html">#nevent1q…anhj</title>
    
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqwkupc9sqj3w58lng4p6j3kzhr6eg79k28svmmkgp3tr68pdu42cpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4c2jrjnr" />
    <content type="html">
      &lt;blockquote class=&#34;border-l-05rem border-l-strongpink border-solid&#34;&gt;&lt;div class=&#34;-ml-4 bg-gradient-to-r from-gray-100 dark:from-zinc-800 to-transparent mr-0 mt-0 mb-4 pl-4 pr-2 py-2&#34;&gt;quoting &lt;span itemprop=&#34;mentions&#34; itemscope itemtype=&#34;https://schema.org/Article&#34;&gt;&lt;a itemprop=&#34;url&#34; href=&#34;/nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzqyyckgqj239y5xsedfj30d5rvn6hxvznjh2dydcdz4xtl4ygt3h0qy2hwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnyv9kh2uewd9hj7qghwaehxw309aex2mrp0yh8qunfd4skctnwv46z7qpq4qt009jxnl3d7wlp86y85na6qygwf95cvpacqj7pxt6e2wd5cm3s5vanhj&#34; class=&#34;bg-lavender dark:prose:text-neutral-50 dark:text-neutral-50 dark:bg-garnet px-1&#34;&gt;nevent1q…anhj&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; Imagem gerada com fract.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt; &lt;img src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/a28b38caced166b14f188dfd421ac2e902a74df3b5814d3c12ccdda378eaaf71.png&#34;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Reproduzir:&lt;br/&gt;fract render mandelbrot --center &#34;-0.024845403429017976,-0.7724352478795543&#34; --zoom 8.361418711087637 --iterations 64 --max-iterations 1048576 --adaptive=true --palette viridis --smooth=true --width 1024 --height 1024 --output reproduced.png&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Projeto:&lt;br/&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;https://github.com/girino/random-mandelbrot-generator&#34;&gt;https://github.com/girino/random-mandelbrot-generator&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;
    </content>
    <updated>2026-09-19T21:15:26Z</updated>
  </entry>

  <entry>
    <id>https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqqq9xcrmjk534hy2ujct9krgrfldv4nepj4fgmqza48epr43q8spr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4c952ywa</id>
    
      <title>Nostr event nevent1qqsqqqq9xcrmjk534hy2ujct9krgrfldv4nepj4fgmqza48epr43q8spr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4c952ywa</title>
    
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqqq9xcrmjk534hy2ujct9krgrfldv4nepj4fgmqza48epr43q8spr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4c952ywa" />
    <content type="html">
       &lt;img src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/59b0e78ca922f6dd4aac543d608f786abdb89c8b7860e6366a3a1a49adead379.jpg&#34;&gt; 
    </content>
    <updated>2026-09-17T15:59:33Z</updated>
  </entry>

  <entry>
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      <title>Nostr event nevent1qqsqqqqdklldpvswpw7afduugn3n7rl9t36m289z5rs0vlm7syeqyyqpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4c24g00d</title>
    
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqqqdklldpvswpw7afduugn3n7rl9t36m289z5rs0vlm7syeqyyqpr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4c24g00d" />
    <content type="html">
       &lt;img src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/8506a60590d9c63f96efa7960951b9ed79a152cce127625aaf4f11525acc67d5.jpg&#34;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&#34;https://web.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1529847012514837&amp;amp;set=a.230031232496428&#34;&gt;https://web.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1529847012514837&amp;amp;set=a.230031232496428&lt;/a&gt;
    </content>
    <updated>2026-09-17T13:58:20Z</updated>
  </entry>

  <entry>
    <id>https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqqqgyjyteehxy0rm5rwhcjyfmxv3kp7s73uzuvumtzn7hylk4fspr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cupnpd8</id>
    
      <title>Nostr event nevent1qqsqqqqgyjyteehxy0rm5rwhcjyfmxv3kp7s73uzuvumtzn7hylk4fspr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cupnpd8</title>
    
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://njump.me/nevent1qqsqqqqgyjyteehxy0rm5rwhcjyfmxv3kp7s73uzuvumtzn7hylk4fspr4mhxue69uhksctkv4hzuemfwf5kumewdaexwtm0w46xymmcqgsrl7kr5my9n6423nwaktrsq2nwzzenal4e95p9k9826mu294jkv4cupnpd8" />
    <content type="html">
       &lt;img src=&#34;https://blossom-espelhator.girino.org/36cd8da383f8bea923868a3970466e38ec2127cf9f151d03d70025941809af07.jpg&#34;&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.instagram.com/p/DdFHdyMNp0v/?stkn=ZHc0cDJlbHBwMGVi&#34;&gt;https://www.instagram.com/p/DdFHdyMNp0v/?stkn=ZHc0cDJlbHBwMGVi&lt;/a&gt;
    </content>
    <updated>2026-09-16T15:05:34Z</updated>
  </entry>

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