{ "id": "42e0da66e8b924eac8ddb756ebd259d9e0e8b6e273dbd4e8607ce03758df63d9", "pubkey": "8bcfbc7a83ac7ccca47f58aa65b75fc6856f9878a9735be5fd96d8b80aa22a31", "created_at": 1780131835, "kind": 32616, "tags": [ [ "d", "cichorium-endivia" ], [ "title", "Cichorium endivia" ], [ "name", "Cichorium endivia" ], [ "rank", "species" ], [ "status", "expert_verified" ], [ "verified_count", "1" ], [ "schema", "belenos-species/2" ], [ "family", "Asteraceae" ], [ "gbif", "5392243" ], [ "iucn", "NE" ], [ "country", "Galápagos Islands" ], [ "country", "North America" ], [ "country", "Korea" ], [ "country", "Kerala" ], [ "country", "Ukraine" ], [ "country", "Bosnia-Herzegovina" ], [ "country", "Lithuania" ], [ "country", "Morocco" ], [ "country", "Albania" ], [ "country", "Belarus" ], [ "country", "Croatia" ], [ "country", "Syria" ], [ "country", "Portugal" ], [ "country", "Israel" ], [ "country", "Madeira" ], [ "country", "Vietnam" ], [ "country", "Libya" ], [ "country", "Italy" ], [ "country", "Sicily" ], [ "country", "Bulgaria" ], [ "country", "Myanmar" ], [ "country", "East European Russia" ], [ "country", "Poland" ], [ "country", "Pakistan" ], [ "country", "Baleares" ], [ "country", "Czech Republic" ], [ "country", "Spain" ], [ "country", "Canary Is." ], [ "country", "Rajasthan" ], [ "country", "Slovakia" ], [ "country", "Northwest European Russia" ], [ "country", "Montenegro" ], [ "country", "Romania" ], [ "country", "Kriti" ], [ "country", "Estonia" ], [ "country", "Congo" ], [ "country", "Malta" ], [ "country", "Norway" ], [ "country", "France" ], [ "country", "Jordan" ], [ "common", "Endive Chicory", "en" ], [ "common", "Cicoare", "en" ], [ "common", "Endive", "en" ], [ "common", "Cultivated endive", "en" ], [ "common", "escarole", "en" ], [ "common", "Almindelig endivie", "da" ], [ "common", "Andijvie", "nl" ], [ "common", "Andyvie", "afr" ], [ "common", "Bostan hindibası", "tr" ], [ "common", "Chicon", "fr" ], [ "common", "Chicoree", "fr" ], [ "common", "Chicorée", "fr" ], [ "image", "https://blossom.primal.net/f9719fa593e0a18b657eb458054597a14efd16c80fea6ac52cdd3886f1bb6c3b.jpg", "f9719fa593e0a18b657eb458054597a14efd16c80fea6ac52cdd3886f1bb6c3b", "flower" ], [ "t", "edible" ], [ "t", "medicinal" ] ], "content": "{\"schema\":\"belenos-species/2\",\"binomial\":\"Cichorium endivia\",\"authorship\":\"L.\",\"rank\":\"species\",\"taxonomy\":{\"kingdom\":\"Plantae\",\"phylum\":\"Tracheophyta\",\"class\":\"Magnoliopsida\",\"order\":\"Asterales\",\"family\":\"Asteraceae\",\"genus\":\"Cichorium\"},\"family\":\"Asteraceae\",\"gbif_taxon_id\":5392243,\"powo_id\":null,\"common_names\":[{\"name\":\"Endive Chicory\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"Cicoare\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"Endive\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"Cultivated endive\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"escarole\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"Almindelig endivie\",\"lang\":\"da\"},{\"name\":\"Andijvie\",\"lang\":\"nl\"},{\"name\":\"Andyvie\",\"lang\":\"afr\"},{\"name\":\"Bostan hindibası\",\"lang\":\"tr\"},{\"name\":\"Chicon\",\"lang\":\"fr\"},{\"name\":\"Chicoree\",\"lang\":\"fr\"},{\"name\":\"Chicorée\",\"lang\":\"fr\"},{\"name\":\"Chicorée endive\",\"lang\":\"fr\"},{\"name\":\"Chicorée endive, Chicorée de Belgique\",\"lang\":\"fr\"},{\"name\":\"Chicorée frisée\",\"lang\":\"fr\"},{\"name\":\"Chicorée à rameaux\",\"lang\":\"fr\"},{\"name\":\"Cykoria endywia\",\"lang\":\"pl\"},{\"name\":\"Diếp xoăn\",\"lang\":\"vie\"},{\"name\":\"Endive\",\"lang\":\"fr\"},{\"name\":\"Endivia\",\"lang\":\"it\"}],\"region\":{\"countries\":[\"Galápagos Islands\",\"North America\",\"Korea\",\"Kerala\",\"Ukraine\",\"Bosnia-Herzegovina\",\"Lithuania\",\"Morocco\",\"Albania\",\"Belarus\",\"Croatia\",\"Syria\",\"Portugal\",\"Israel\",\"Madeira\",\"Vietnam\",\"Libya\",\"Italy\",\"Sicily\",\"Bulgaria\",\"Myanmar\",\"East European Russia\",\"Poland\",\"Pakistan\",\"Baleares\",\"Czech Republic\",\"Spain\",\"Canary Is.\",\"Rajasthan\",\"Slovakia\",\"Northwest European Russia\",\"Montenegro\",\"Romania\",\"Kriti\",\"Estonia\",\"Congo\",\"Malta\",\"Norway\",\"France\",\"Jordan\",\"Germany\",\"Lebanon\",\"Sardegna\",\"Corse\",\"Hungary\",\"Latvia\",\"Netherlands\",\"Greece\",\"Turkey-in-Europe\",\"South European Russia\",\"Turkey\",\"Central European Russia\",\"Krym\",\"Moldova\",\"probably formed in cultivation; England [c]; Norway [c]; Netherlands [c]; Belgium [c]; Germany [c]; Switzerland [c]; Poland [c]; Slovakia [c]; Hungary [c]; Portugal [c]; Spain [c]; Baleares (Mallorca) [c]; France [c]; Corsica [c]; Sardinia [c]; Italy [c]; Sicily [c]; Malta [c]; Croatia [c]; Bosnia \u0026 Hercegovina [c]; Montenegro [c]; Albania [c]; Romania [c]; Bulgaria [c]; European Turkey [c]; Greece [c]; Crete [c]; Belarus [c]; European Russia [c]; Moldova [c]; Ukraine [c]; Morocco [c]; Algeria [c]; Tunisia [c]; Libya [c]; Madeira (Madeira Isl. [c], Porto Santo Isl.) [c]; Chad [c]; Kazakhstan [c]; East Aegaean Isl. [c]; Turkey [c]; Cyprus [c]; Lebanon [c]; Syria [c]; Israel [c]; Jordania [c]; China [c]; South Korea [c]; Pakistan [c]; India [c]; Myanmar [c]; Vietnam [c]; Java [c]; Australia [c] (New South Wales [c]); Gilbert Isl. [c]; Austral Isl. [c] (Rapa Iti [c]); Marshall Isl. [c] (Jaluit [c]); Guatemala [c]; El Salvador [c]; Costa Rica [c]; Panama [c]; Venezuela [c]\",\"Belgium\",\"Egypt\",\"Gilbert Is.\",\"Great Britain\",\"India\",\"Marianas\",\"Palestine\",\"Sicilia\",\"West Himalaya\",\"Africa\",\"Asia-Temperate\",\"Europe\",\"China\",\"Malesia\",\"Algeria\",\"Cyprus\",\"Iran\",\"Iraq\",\"Lebanon-Syria\",\"Transcaucasus\",\"Yugoslavia\",\"Luxembourg\",\"California\",\"Connecticut\",\"Goa\",\"Tamil Nadu\",\"Uttar Pradesh\",\"South Korea\",\"Maine\",\"Michigan\",\"New South Wales\",\"Oregon\",\"Pennsylvania\",\"Switzerland\",\"Washington\",\"Uttaranchal\",\"AT\",\"AU\",\"BA\",\"BE\",\"BG\",\"BR\",\"CA\",\"CZ\",\"DE\",\"DK\"],\"summary\":\"It is native to the Mediterranean region and parts of western Asia, but it is now cultivated globally in temperate climates as a commercial and garden crop.\"},\"scarcity\":{\"iucn_code\":\"NE\",\"iucn_category\":\"NOT_EVALUATED\",\"source\":\"gbif-iucn\"},\"summary\":\"Cichorium endivia, commonly known as endive or escarole, is a leafy vegetable belonging to the daisy family. It is widely cultivated for its slightly bitter leaves, which are consumed both raw and cooked.\",\"uses\":{\"beneficial\":\"It is primarily grown as a culinary vegetable, with its crisp leaves eaten raw in salads or braised and added to soups. When allowed to bolt and flower, it provides nectar for pollinators.\",\"medicinal\":\"In traditional folk medicine, the bitter leaves and roots were consumed as a digestive tonic and mild laxative. It was also historically used to stimulate appetite and treat minor liver or gallbladder complaints.\",\"artisanal\":null},\"culture\":{\"mythology\":\"It is sometimes used as one of the bitter herbs (maror) during the Jewish Passover Seder to symbolize the bitterness of slavery in Egypt.\",\"cultures\":[\"Jewish\",\"Mediterranean\"]},\"edible\":true,\"toxic\":false,\"sources\":[{\"field\":\"taxonomy\",\"source\":\"gbif\",\"ref\":\"https://www.gbif.org/species/5392243\"},{\"field\":\"scarcity\",\"source\":\"gbif-iucn\"},{\"field\":\"region.countries\",\"source\":\"gbif\"},{\"field\":\"summary\",\"source\":\"wikipedia\",\"ref\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cichorium_endivia\"},{\"field\":\"uses,culture\",\"source\":\"qwen3.7-max+wikipedia\"}],\"disclaimer\":\"Edibility, medicinal and foraging information is for reference only and is not medical, dietary or safety advice. Plant misidentification can be dangerous; verify independently before any use.\",\"enrichment\":{\"model\":\"qwen3.7-max\",\"grounded_on\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cichorium_endivia\",\"ok\":true,\"at\":1780131835},\"status\":\"expert_verified\",\"verified_count\":1,\"images\":[{\"sha256\":\"f9719fa593e0a18b657eb458054597a14efd16c80fea6ac52cdd3886f1bb6c3b\",\"organ\":\"flower\",\"url\":\"https://blossom.primal.net/f9719fa593e0a18b657eb458054597a14efd16c80fea6ac52cdd3886f1bb6c3b.jpg\"}],\"updated_at\":1780131835}", "sig": "1c008f3966ac68ab9d18a0ca6fafed0b591d8fa112dfd1114b1879a6b4c5f92b3e5a899be79a212afa7e11436a9b49782f38e532542c7cacb7f80ab66945285e" }