{ "id": "45909ef5cff37899936b76d1282615b36c18d92223340db6a2586cc83faccb54", "pubkey": "8bcfbc7a83ac7ccca47f58aa65b75fc6856f9878a9735be5fd96d8b80aa22a31", "created_at": 1781598177, "kind": 32616, "tags": [ [ "d", "convolvulus-arvensis" ], [ "title", "Convolvulus arvensis" ], [ "name", "Convolvulus arvensis" ], [ "rank", "species" ], [ "status", "auto" ], [ "verified_count", "0" ], [ "schema", "belenos-species/2" ], [ "family", "Convolvulaceae" ], [ "gbif", "2928390" ], [ "iucn", "NE" ], [ "country", "Tristan da Cunha" ], [ "country", "North America" ], [ "country", "Oceania" ], [ "country", "England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Orkney Isl. [I], Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); Monaco; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia \u0026 Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (very widespread, incl. almost all islands); Crete; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Great Southwestern Desert, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt); Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma, Lanzarote, Fuerteventura); Mauritania; N-Chad (Tibesti); Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Kenya [I]; Mozambique [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); Lesotho [I]; Madagascar [I]; Mauritius [I]; Siberia (Altay, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq); Iran (E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran, EC-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Balkh, Bamyan, Ghazni, Herat, Kandahar, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Wardak, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Takhar); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Nafud Desert, Hejaz, Rub al Khali, Asir, Nejd Desert); Qatar [I]; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Dhofar, Mascat \u0026 Oman); Yemen (N-Inner Yemen, Tihama, W-Yemen); Mongolia; South Korea [I]; Pakistan (Sind, Pakistani Punjab, Gilgit, Baltistan, etc.); Nepal; Bhutan; India (almost throughout); Bangladesh; peninsular Malaysia; Myanmar (Magway, Mandalay); Java; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Hawaii [I] (Oahu [I], Maui [I]); Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], Arizona [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Iowa [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Mississippi [I], Montana [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Nebraska [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], Nevada [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I], Wyoming [I]); Mexico [I] (widespread); Venezuela [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Paraguay [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Arica y Parinacota [I], Antofagasta [I], Atacama [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O'Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I], Magallanes [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]" ], [ "country", "Afghanistan" ], [ "country", "Alabama" ], [ "country", "Albania" ], [ "country", "Alberta" ], [ "country", "Algeria" ], [ "country", "Altay" ], [ "country", "Amur" ], [ "country", "Argentina Northeast" ], [ "country", "Argentina Northwest" ], [ "country", "Argentina South" ], [ "country", "Arizona" ], [ "country", "Arkansas" ], [ "country", "Austria" ], [ "country", "Azores" ], [ "country", "Baleares" ], [ "country", "Baltic States" ], [ "country", "Bangladesh" ], [ "country", "Belarus" ], [ "country", "Belgium" ], [ "country", "Bolivia" ], [ "country", "Brazil South" ], [ "country", "British Columbia" ], [ "country", "Bulgaria" ], [ "country", "Buryatiya" ], [ "country", "California" ], [ "country", "Canary Is." ], [ "country", "Cape Provinces" ], [ "country", "Central European Russia" ], [ "country", "Chad" ], [ "country", "Chile Central" ], [ "country", "Chile North" ], [ "country", "Chile South" ], [ "country", "China North-Central" ], [ "country", "China South-Central" ], [ "country", "China Southeast" ], [ "country", "Chita" ], [ "common", "Wild morning glory", "en" ], [ "common", "Bindweed", "en" ], [ "common", "Field Bindweed", "en" ], [ "common", "Common Bindweed", "en" ], [ "common", "Creeping Jenny", "en" ], [ "common", "European Bindweed", "en" ], [ "common", "European morning glory", "en" ], [ "common", "Field Morning Glory", "en" ], [ "common", "Lesser Bindweed", "en" ], [ "common", "Mourning Glory", "en" ], [ "common", "Perennial Morningglory", "en" ], [ "common", "Small Bindweed", "en" ], [ "image", "https://npub1ttcpd7tytpzd9k8mhyhc4hwjmhuw3hmdv7e4zzfyfu4y5lr02h4qslt0ym.blossom.band/202b0e9c4dc67df76f9c3171d0e6d8bc91ba58e397df3e05b71943e58c8f6d29.jpg", "202b0e9c4dc67df76f9c3171d0e6d8bc91ba58e397df3e05b71943e58c8f6d29", "flower" ], [ "t", "toxic" ], [ "t", "medicinal" ] ], "content": "{\"schema\":\"belenos-species/2\",\"binomial\":\"Convolvulus arvensis\",\"authorship\":\"L.\",\"rank\":\"species\",\"taxonomy\":{\"kingdom\":\"Plantae\",\"phylum\":\"Tracheophyta\",\"class\":\"Magnoliopsida\",\"order\":\"Solanales\",\"family\":\"Convolvulaceae\",\"genus\":\"Convolvulus\"},\"family\":\"Convolvulaceae\",\"gbif_taxon_id\":2928390,\"powo_id\":\"265849-1\",\"common_names\":[{\"name\":\"Wild morning glory\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"Bindweed\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"Field Bindweed\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"Common Bindweed\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"Creeping Jenny\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"European Bindweed\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"European morning glory\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"Field Morning Glory\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"Lesser Bindweed\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"Mourning Glory\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"Perennial Morningglory\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"Small Bindweed\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"Small-flowered Mourning Glory\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"Smallflowered Morningglory\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"White Convolvulus\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"Wild Morning-glory\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"'ullayq\",\"lang\":\"ar\"},{\"name\":\"Acker-Winde\",\"lang\":\"de\"},{\"name\":\"Acker-Winde (DE); Field Bindweed (EN); Correguela blanca (ES)\",\"lang\":\"\"},{\"name\":\"Ackerwinde\",\"lang\":\"de\"}],\"region\":{\"countries\":[\"Tristan da Cunha\",\"North America\",\"Oceania\",\"England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Orkney Isl. [I], Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); Monaco; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia \u0026 Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (very widespread, incl. almost all islands); Crete; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Great Southwestern Desert, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt); Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma, Lanzarote, Fuerteventura); Mauritania; N-Chad (Tibesti); Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Kenya [I]; Mozambique [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); Lesotho [I]; Madagascar [I]; Mauritius [I]; Siberia (Altay, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq); Iran (E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran, EC-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Balkh, Bamyan, Ghazni, Herat, Kandahar, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Wardak, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Takhar); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Nafud Desert, Hejaz, Rub al Khali, Asir, Nejd Desert); Qatar [I]; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Dhofar, Mascat \u0026 Oman); Yemen (N-Inner Yemen, Tihama, W-Yemen); Mongolia; South Korea [I]; Pakistan (Sind, Pakistani Punjab, Gilgit, Baltistan, etc.); Nepal; Bhutan; India (almost throughout); Bangladesh; peninsular Malaysia; Myanmar (Magway, Mandalay); Java; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Hawaii [I] (Oahu [I], Maui [I]); Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], Arizona [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Iowa [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Mississippi [I], Montana [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Nebraska [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], Nevada [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I], Wyoming [I]); Mexico [I] (widespread); Venezuela [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Paraguay [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Arica y Parinacota [I], Antofagasta [I], Atacama [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O'Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I], Magallanes [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]\",\"Afghanistan\",\"Alabama\",\"Albania\",\"Alberta\",\"Algeria\",\"Altay\",\"Amur\",\"Argentina Northeast\",\"Argentina Northwest\",\"Argentina South\",\"Arizona\",\"Arkansas\",\"Austria\",\"Azores\",\"Baleares\",\"Baltic States\",\"Bangladesh\",\"Belarus\",\"Belgium\",\"Bolivia\",\"Brazil South\",\"British Columbia\",\"Bulgaria\",\"Buryatiya\",\"California\",\"Canary Is.\",\"Cape Provinces\",\"Central European Russia\",\"Chad\",\"Chile Central\",\"Chile North\",\"Chile South\",\"China North-Central\",\"China South-Central\",\"China Southeast\",\"Chita\",\"Colorado\",\"Connecticut\",\"Corse\",\"Cyprus\",\"Czechia-Slovakia\",\"Delaware\",\"Denmark\",\"District of Columbia\",\"East Aegean Is.\",\"East European Russia\",\"East Himalaya\",\"Egypt\",\"Eritrea\",\"Ethiopia\",\"Finland\",\"Florida\",\"France\",\"Free State\",\"Georgia\",\"Germany\",\"Great Britain\",\"Greece\",\"Gulf States\",\"Hainan\",\"Hawaii\",\"Hungary\",\"Idaho\",\"Illinois\",\"India\",\"Indiana\",\"Inner Mongolia\",\"Iowa\",\"Iran\",\"Iraq\",\"Ireland\",\"Irkutsk\",\"Italy\",\"Jawa\",\"Juan Fernández Is.\",\"Kamchatka\",\"Kansas\",\"Kazakhstan\",\"Kentucky\",\"Kenya\",\"Khabarovsk\",\"Kirgizstan\",\"Krasnoyarsk\",\"Kriti\",\"Krym\",\"Kuwait\",\"KwaZulu-Natal\",\"Lebanon-Syria\",\"Lesotho\",\"Libya\",\"Louisiana\",\"Madagascar\",\"Madeira\",\"Magadan\",\"Maine\",\"Manchuria\",\"Manitoba\",\"Maryland\",\"Massachusetts\",\"Mauritania\",\"Mauritius\",\"Mexico Central\",\"Mexico Northeast\",\"Mexico Northwest\",\"Mexico Southwest\",\"Michigan\",\"Minnesota\",\"Mississippi\",\"Missouri\",\"Mongolia\",\"Montana\",\"Morocco\",\"Mozambique\",\"Myanmar\",\"Nebraska\",\"Nepal\",\"Netherlands\",\"Nevada\",\"New Brunswick\",\"New Hampshire\",\"New Jersey\",\"New Mexico\",\"New South Wales\",\"New York\",\"New Zealand North\",\"New Zealand South\",\"North Carolina\",\"North Caucasus\",\"North Dakota\",\"Northern Provinces\",\"North European Russia\",\"Northwest European Russia\",\"Norway\",\"Nova Scotia\",\"NW. Balkan Pen.\",\"Ohio\",\"Oklahoma\",\"Oman\",\"Ontario\",\"Oregon\",\"Pakistan\",\"Palestine\",\"Pennsylvania\",\"Peru\",\"Poland\",\"Portugal\",\"Primorye\",\"Prince Edward I.\",\"Qinghai\",\"Québec\",\"Queensland\",\"Rhode I.\",\"Romania\",\"Sakhalin\",\"Sardegna\",\"Saskatchewan\",\"Saudi Arabia\",\"Sicilia\",\"Sinai\",\"South Australia\",\"South Carolina\",\"South Dakota\",\"South European Russia\",\"Spain\",\"Sudan-South Sudan\",\"Sweden\",\"Switzerland\",\"Tadzhikistan\",\"Tasmania\",\"Tennessee\",\"Texas\",\"Tibet\",\"Transcaucasus\",\"Tunisia\",\"Türkiye\",\"Türkiye-in-Europe\",\"Turkmenistan\",\"Tuva\",\"Ukraine\",\"Uruguay\",\"Utah\",\"Uzbekistan\",\"Venezuela\",\"Vermont\",\"Victoria\",\"Virginia\",\"Washington\",\"Western Australia\",\"West Himalaya\",\"West Siberia\",\"West Virginia\",\"Wisconsin\"],\"summary\":\"Native to Europe and Asia, it has been introduced and naturalized in many other regions globally, including North America. It typically inhabits farmlands, pastures, roadsides, and waste places, preferring dry, nutrient-rich, and alkaline soils.\"},\"scarcity\":{\"iucn_code\":\"NE\",\"iucn_category\":\"NOT_EVALUATED\",\"source\":\"gbif-iucn\"},\"summary\":\"Convolvulus arvensis, commonly known as field bindweed, is a creeping or climbing herbaceous perennial vine in the morning glory family. It is characterized by its arrowhead-shaped leaves, small white or pale pink trumpet-shaped flowers, and an extensive root system. It is widely recognized as a persistent and difficult-to-eradicate agricultural weed.\",\"uses\":{\"beneficial\":\"Ecologically, its flowers serve as an important nectar and pollen source for specialist sweat bees in the genus Systropha, as well as other pollinators. Otherwise, it is primarily regarded as a noxious weed with little to no economic or ornamental value.\",\"medicinal\":\"In traditional folk medicine, preparations of the plant have historically been used as a strong purgative and laxative. It was also occasionally applied in folk remedies to treat wounds and reduce fevers.\",\"artisanal\":null},\"culture\":{\"mythology\":\"Due to its aggressive, strangling growth habit that chokes out crops, it has been associated with the devil or bad luck in some rural folklore, earning it common names like 'devil's guts' and 'possession vine'.\",\"cultures\":[\"European\"]},\"edible\":false,\"toxic\":true,\"sources\":[{\"field\":\"taxonomy\",\"source\":\"gbif\",\"ref\":\"https://www.gbif.org/species/2928390\"},{\"field\":\"scarcity\",\"source\":\"gbif-iucn\"},{\"field\":\"region.countries\",\"source\":\"gbif\"},{\"field\":\"summary\",\"source\":\"wikipedia\",\"ref\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convolvulus_arvensis\"},{\"field\":\"uses,culture\",\"source\":\"qwen3.7-max+wikipedia\"}],\"disclaimer\":\"Edibility, medicinal and foraging information is for reference only and is not medical, dietary or safety advice. Plant misidentification can be dangerous; verify independently before any use.\",\"enrichment\":{\"model\":\"qwen3.7-max\",\"grounded_on\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convolvulus_arvensis\",\"ok\":true,\"at\":1781598177},\"status\":\"auto\",\"verified_count\":0,\"images\":[{\"sha256\":\"202b0e9c4dc67df76f9c3171d0e6d8bc91ba58e397df3e05b71943e58c8f6d29\",\"organ\":\"flower\",\"url\":\"https://npub1ttcpd7tytpzd9k8mhyhc4hwjmhuw3hmdv7e4zzfyfu4y5lr02h4qslt0ym.blossom.band/202b0e9c4dc67df76f9c3171d0e6d8bc91ba58e397df3e05b71943e58c8f6d29.jpg\"}],\"updated_at\":1781598177}", "sig": "d8b82f0f38b2e0e9a24b3e94d549f9d6e98308aa9026c1f1dc6a8119f20eb78cca08ff00e75d59296b657a29a9253966c40c082620305a7f03a1a21644328252" }