{ "id": "5b150a24df9cbb1cebe67e82ce3dd65cbcb0bd4479a7dbe7e6dee158861905a0", "pubkey": "8bcfbc7a83ac7ccca47f58aa65b75fc6856f9878a9735be5fd96d8b80aa22a31", "created_at": 1781621203, "kind": 32616, "tags": [ [ "d", "symphytum-officinale" ], [ "title", "Symphytum officinale" ], [ "name", "Symphytum officinale" ], [ "rank", "species" ], [ "status", "auto" ], [ "verified_count", "0" ], [ "schema", "belenos-species/2" ], [ "family", "Boraginaceae" ], [ "gbif", "7558421" ], [ "iucn", "NE" ], [ "country", "North America" ], [ "country", "Manizales" ], [ "country", "Jardín Botánico de Bogotá" ], [ "country", "England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark [I]; Norway [I]; Sweden [I]; Finland [I]; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; ?Portugal; Spain; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey); Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta [I]; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia \u0026 Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altay, Chita [I], W-Siberia); Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan; Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia); China (Fujian, Hebei, Liaoning, Xinjiang); South Korea [I]; Taiwan; Vietnam [c]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Victoria [I]); New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I]); St. Pierre et Miquelon [I]; USA [I] (Arkansas [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Georgia [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kentucky [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], North Carolina [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], Tennessee [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I], Wyoming [I]); Hispaniola [I]; Bolivia [I]; Argentina [I]" ], [ "country", "Alberta" ], [ "country", "Altay" ], [ "country", "Argentina Northeast" ], [ "country", "Arkansas" ], [ "country", "Austria" ], [ "country", "Baltic States" ], [ "country", "Belarus" ], [ "country", "Belgium" ], [ "country", "Brazil West-Central" ], [ "country", "British Columbia" ], [ "country", "Bulgaria" ], [ "country", "California" ], [ "country", "Central European Russia" ], [ "country", "China North-Central" ], [ "country", "China Southeast" ], [ "country", "Chita" ], [ "country", "Colorado" ], [ "country", "Connecticut" ], [ "country", "Czechia-Slovakia" ], [ "country", "Delaware" ], [ "country", "Denmark" ], [ "country", "District of Columbia" ], [ "country", "Dominican Republic" ], [ "country", "East European Russia" ], [ "country", "Finland" ], [ "country", "France" ], [ "country", "Georgia" ], [ "country", "Germany" ], [ "country", "Great Britain" ], [ "country", "Haiti" ], [ "country", "Hungary" ], [ "country", "Idaho" ], [ "country", "Illinois" ], [ "country", "Indiana" ], [ "country", "Ireland" ], [ "country", "Italy" ], [ "common", "Common Comfrey", "en" ], [ "common", "Comfrey", "en" ], [ "common", "Healingherb", "en" ], [ "common", "Boneset", "en" ], [ "common", "Comfrey, Boneset", "en" ], [ "common", "Consound", "en" ], [ "common", "Knitbone", "en" ], [ "common", "Slippery-root", "en" ], [ "common", "bruisewort", "en" ], [ "common", "Arznei-Beinwell", "de" ], [ "common", "Beinwell", "de" ], [ "common", "Common Comfrey (EN)", "" ], [ "image", "https://npub1ttcpd7tytpzd9k8mhyhc4hwjmhuw3hmdv7e4zzfyfu4y5lr02h4qslt0ym.blossom.band/93089bd7f013359e6d335852376c85b8ec79f528488e9c458d464a7acd795f7d.jpg", "93089bd7f013359e6d335852376c85b8ec79f528488e9c458d464a7acd795f7d", "habit" ], [ "image", "https://npub1ttcpd7tytpzd9k8mhyhc4hwjmhuw3hmdv7e4zzfyfu4y5lr02h4qslt0ym.blossom.band/0a947f4491f3b33153e31078fadc70d5a8780e41e8ed6bbd3594233be8ce1136.jpg", "0a947f4491f3b33153e31078fadc70d5a8780e41e8ed6bbd3594233be8ce1136", "habit" ], [ "image", "https://npub1ttcpd7tytpzd9k8mhyhc4hwjmhuw3hmdv7e4zzfyfu4y5lr02h4qslt0ym.blossom.band/b0abcca8a38ac5f11f237cf16f92841b4d99d3b766d6d90c15187977093bd93c.png", "b0abcca8a38ac5f11f237cf16f92841b4d99d3b766d6d90c15187977093bd93c", "flower" ], [ "image", "https://npub1ttcpd7tytpzd9k8mhyhc4hwjmhuw3hmdv7e4zzfyfu4y5lr02h4qslt0ym.blossom.band/4e0d2a90191ff8664e60a4b9808449750e16e8a2f17118b0ade959b7b5a633b3.jpg", "4e0d2a90191ff8664e60a4b9808449750e16e8a2f17118b0ade959b7b5a633b3", "flower" ], [ "t", "edible" ], [ "t", "toxic" ], [ "t", "medicinal" ] ], "content": "{\"schema\":\"belenos-species/2\",\"binomial\":\"Symphytum officinale\",\"authorship\":\"L.\",\"rank\":\"species\",\"taxonomy\":{\"kingdom\":\"Plantae\",\"phylum\":\"Tracheophyta\",\"class\":\"Magnoliopsida\",\"order\":\"Boraginales\",\"family\":\"Boraginaceae\",\"genus\":\"Symphytum\"},\"family\":\"Boraginaceae\",\"gbif_taxon_id\":7558421,\"powo_id\":\"120815-1\",\"common_names\":[{\"name\":\"Common Comfrey\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"Comfrey\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"Healingherb\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"Boneset\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"Comfrey, Boneset\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"Consound\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"Knitbone\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"Slippery-root\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"bruisewort\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"Arznei-Beinwell\",\"lang\":\"de\"},{\"name\":\"Beinwell\",\"lang\":\"de\"},{\"name\":\"Common Comfrey (EN)\",\"lang\":\"\"},{\"name\":\"Consolda\",\"lang\":\"glg\"},{\"name\":\"Consolida maggiore\",\"lang\":\"it\"},{\"name\":\"Consoude officinale\",\"lang\":\"fr\"},{\"name\":\"Consoude officinale, Grande consoude\",\"lang\":\"fr\"},{\"name\":\"Crni gavez\",\"lang\":\"hrv\"},{\"name\":\"Cwmffri\",\"lang\":\"cym\"},{\"name\":\"Cyfardwf\",\"lang\":\"cym\"},{\"name\":\"Cyfardwy\",\"lang\":\"cym\"}],\"region\":{\"countries\":[\"North America\",\"Manizales\",\"Jardín Botánico de Bogotá\",\"England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark [I]; Norway [I]; Sweden [I]; Finland [I]; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; ?Portugal; Spain; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey); Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta [I]; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia \u0026 Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altay, Chita [I], W-Siberia); Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan; Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia); China (Fujian, Hebei, Liaoning, Xinjiang); South Korea [I]; Taiwan; Vietnam [c]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Victoria [I]); New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I]); St. Pierre et Miquelon [I]; USA [I] (Arkansas [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Georgia [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kentucky [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], North Carolina [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], Tennessee [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I], Wyoming [I]); Hispaniola [I]; Bolivia [I]; Argentina [I]\",\"Alberta\",\"Altay\",\"Argentina Northeast\",\"Arkansas\",\"Austria\",\"Baltic States\",\"Belarus\",\"Belgium\",\"Brazil West-Central\",\"British Columbia\",\"Bulgaria\",\"California\",\"Central European Russia\",\"China North-Central\",\"China Southeast\",\"Chita\",\"Colorado\",\"Connecticut\",\"Czechia-Slovakia\",\"Delaware\",\"Denmark\",\"District of Columbia\",\"Dominican Republic\",\"East European Russia\",\"Finland\",\"France\",\"Georgia\",\"Germany\",\"Great Britain\",\"Haiti\",\"Hungary\",\"Idaho\",\"Illinois\",\"Indiana\",\"Ireland\",\"Italy\",\"Kazakhstan\",\"Kentucky\",\"Korea\",\"Krym\",\"Maine\",\"Manchuria\",\"Manitoba\",\"Maryland\",\"Massachusetts\",\"Michigan\",\"Minnesota\",\"Missouri\",\"Montana\",\"Netherlands\",\"New Brunswick\",\"Newfoundland\",\"New Hampshire\",\"New Jersey\",\"New Mexico\",\"New York\",\"North Carolina\",\"North Caucasus\",\"North European Russia\",\"Northwest European Russia\",\"Norway\",\"Nova Scotia\",\"NW. Balkan Pen.\",\"Ohio\",\"Ontario\",\"Oregon\",\"Pennsylvania\",\"Poland\",\"Primorye\",\"Québec\",\"Rhode I.\",\"Romania\",\"Sardegna\",\"Saskatchewan\",\"Sicilia\",\"South European Russia\",\"Spain\",\"Sweden\",\"Switzerland\",\"Taiwan\",\"Tasmania\",\"Türkiye\",\"Türkiye-in-Europe\",\"Ukraine\",\"Utah\",\"Vermont\",\"Vietnam\",\"Virginia\",\"Washington\",\"West Siberia\",\"West Virginia\",\"Wisconsin\",\"Wyoming\",\"Xinjiang\",\"BE\",\"BG\",\"BR\",\"CA\",\"CH\",\"CN\",\"CO\",\"DE\",\"DK\",\"FI\",\"FR\",\"IN\",\"IS\",\"JP\",\"LU\",\"NL\",\"NO\",\"PE\",\"PT\",\"SE\",\"TW\",\"US\"],\"summary\":\"It is native to Europe and western Asia, typically thriving in damp grasslands, riverbanks, and ditches. It has also been introduced to North America, where it frequently naturalizes as a weed in similar moist habitats.\"},\"scarcity\":{\"iucn_code\":\"NE\",\"iucn_category\":\"NOT_EVALUATED\",\"source\":\"gbif-iucn\"},\"summary\":\"Symphytum officinale, commonly known as common comfrey or knitbone, is a bristly perennial herb in the borage family with a deep taproot and bell-shaped flowers. It is widely recognized for its historical significance in traditional herbal medicine and its high value to pollinators.\",\"uses\":{\"beneficial\":\"The plant produces abundant nectar that attracts bumblebees and other long-tongued pollinators. It has also been historically cultivated as a leafy vegetable, forage crop, and organic fertilizer in permaculture.\",\"medicinal\":\"Historically, poultices of the leaves and mashed roots were applied externally to treat sprains, bruises, and bone fractures, earning it the name knitbone. The roots and leaves were also traditionally prepared as teas, tinctures, or salves for various ailments, though internal use is now avoided due to severe toxicity risks.\",\"artisanal\":null},\"culture\":{\"mythology\":\"Its historical common names, such as knitbone and boneset, reflect a deep-rooted folk belief in its ability to mend broken bones and knit torn tissues. The genus name derives from the Latin confervere, meaning to heal or boil together, emphasizing its ancient symbolic association with physical restoration.\",\"cultures\":[\"European\",\"British\"]},\"edible\":true,\"toxic\":true,\"sources\":[{\"field\":\"taxonomy\",\"source\":\"gbif\",\"ref\":\"https://www.gbif.org/species/7558421\"},{\"field\":\"scarcity\",\"source\":\"gbif-iucn\"},{\"field\":\"region.countries\",\"source\":\"gbif\"},{\"field\":\"summary\",\"source\":\"wikipedia\",\"ref\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphytum_officinale\"},{\"field\":\"uses,culture\",\"source\":\"qwen3.7-max+wikipedia\"}],\"disclaimer\":\"Edibility, medicinal and foraging information is for reference only and is not medical, dietary or safety advice. Plant misidentification can be dangerous; verify independently before any use.\",\"enrichment\":{\"model\":\"qwen3.7-max\",\"grounded_on\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphytum_officinale\",\"ok\":true,\"at\":1781621203},\"status\":\"auto\",\"verified_count\":0,\"images\":[{\"sha256\":\"93089bd7f013359e6d335852376c85b8ec79f528488e9c458d464a7acd795f7d\",\"organ\":\"habit\",\"url\":\"https://npub1ttcpd7tytpzd9k8mhyhc4hwjmhuw3hmdv7e4zzfyfu4y5lr02h4qslt0ym.blossom.band/93089bd7f013359e6d335852376c85b8ec79f528488e9c458d464a7acd795f7d.jpg\"},{\"sha256\":\"0a947f4491f3b33153e31078fadc70d5a8780e41e8ed6bbd3594233be8ce1136\",\"organ\":\"habit\",\"url\":\"https://npub1ttcpd7tytpzd9k8mhyhc4hwjmhuw3hmdv7e4zzfyfu4y5lr02h4qslt0ym.blossom.band/0a947f4491f3b33153e31078fadc70d5a8780e41e8ed6bbd3594233be8ce1136.jpg\"},{\"sha256\":\"b0abcca8a38ac5f11f237cf16f92841b4d99d3b766d6d90c15187977093bd93c\",\"organ\":\"flower\",\"url\":\"https://npub1ttcpd7tytpzd9k8mhyhc4hwjmhuw3hmdv7e4zzfyfu4y5lr02h4qslt0ym.blossom.band/b0abcca8a38ac5f11f237cf16f92841b4d99d3b766d6d90c15187977093bd93c.png\"},{\"sha256\":\"4e0d2a90191ff8664e60a4b9808449750e16e8a2f17118b0ade959b7b5a633b3\",\"organ\":\"flower\",\"url\":\"https://npub1ttcpd7tytpzd9k8mhyhc4hwjmhuw3hmdv7e4zzfyfu4y5lr02h4qslt0ym.blossom.band/4e0d2a90191ff8664e60a4b9808449750e16e8a2f17118b0ade959b7b5a633b3.jpg\"}],\"updated_at\":1781621203}", "sig": "0e1f2f5902761cceb98f8fdd67f45e4832e313e1cf8624b28efabc58d022b71b28e4d59c3529405c12d5cb923e11f268d7b3c304843b6a34e3622412bfd5c9c9" }