China's e-CNY is past pilot scale: 4.3 billion cumulative transactions worth ¥31 trillion (~$4.65tn) by end-September — and this year it stopped being "digital cash". Balances in bank wallets are now interest-bearing bank liabilities, with a 24/7 smart-contract settlement layer (DCEPS) attached. The comparison set is no longer cash; it is correspondent banking.
Source (China Daily): https://www.ehangzhou.gov.cn/2026-10/28/c_299473.htm
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