{ "id": "849973bf30a83419cd2a0cd20f91607b89061d20146771944b0ec21d36358233", "pubkey": "8bcfbc7a83ac7ccca47f58aa65b75fc6856f9878a9735be5fd96d8b80aa22a31", "created_at": 1779906981, "kind": 32616, "tags": [ [ "d", "euphrasia-officinalis" ], [ "title", "Euphrasia officinalis" ], [ "name", "Euphrasia officinalis" ], [ "rank", "species" ], [ "status", "expert_verified" ], [ "verified_count", "1" ], [ "schema", "belenos-species/2" ], [ "family", "Orobanchaceae" ], [ "gbif", "8106874" ], [ "iucn", "NE" ], [ "country", "Albania" ], [ "country", "Argentina South" ], [ "country", "Austria" ], [ "country", "Baltic States" ], [ "country", "Belarus" ], [ "country", "Belgium" ], [ "country", "Bulgaria" ], [ "country", "Central European Russia" ], [ "country", "Chile Central" ], [ "country", "Chile South" ], [ "country", "Czechia-Slovakia" ], [ "country", "Denmark" ], [ "country", "East European Russia" ], [ "country", "Falkland Is." ], [ "country", "Finland" ], [ "country", "France" ], [ "country", "Germany" ], [ "country", "Great Britain" ], [ "country", "Greece" ], [ "country", "Hungary" ], [ "country", "Ireland" ], [ "country", "Italy" ], [ "country", "NW. Balkan Pen." ], [ "country", "Netherlands" ], [ "country", "North European Russia" ], [ "country", "Northwest European Russia" ], [ "country", "Poland" ], [ "country", "Romania" ], [ "country", "Spain" ], [ "country", "Sweden" ], [ "country", "Switzerland" ], [ "country", "Transcaucasus" ], [ "country", "Türkiye" ], [ "country", "Ukraine" ], [ "country", "West Siberia" ], [ "country", "DE" ], [ "country", "DK" ], [ "country", "FR" ], [ "country", "GL" ], [ "country", "NO" ], [ "common", "Eyebright", "en" ], [ "common", "Eyebright [Euphrasia officinalis]", "en" ], [ "common", "Rostkov's Eyebright", "en" ], [ "common", "Beklierde ogentroost", "nl" ], [ "common", "Casse lunette", "fr" ], [ "common", "Casse-lunettes", "fr" ], [ "common", "Echter Augentrost", "de" ], [ "common", "Effros", "cym" ], [ "common", "Eufrasia officinale", "it" ], [ "common", "Euphraise de Rostkov", "fr" ], [ "common", "Euphraise officinale", "fr" ], [ "common", "Euphraise officinale, Casse-lunettes, Petite euphraise", "fr" ], [ "image", "https://blossom.primal.net/5cae59634cad93496f25ffbf4885f55eaa60b019eda0e4cfaece749f6008b22e.png", "5cae59634cad93496f25ffbf4885f55eaa60b019eda0e4cfaece749f6008b22e", "flower" ], [ "t", "medicinal" ] ], "content": "{\"schema\":\"belenos-species/2\",\"binomial\":\"Euphrasia officinalis\",\"authorship\":\"L.\",\"rank\":\"species\",\"taxonomy\":{\"kingdom\":\"Plantae\",\"phylum\":\"Tracheophyta\",\"class\":\"Magnoliopsida\",\"order\":\"Lamiales\",\"family\":\"Orobanchaceae\",\"genus\":\"Euphrasia\"},\"family\":\"Orobanchaceae\",\"gbif_taxon_id\":8106874,\"powo_id\":null,\"common_names\":[{\"name\":\"Eyebright\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"Eyebright [Euphrasia officinalis]\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"Rostkov's Eyebright\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"Beklierde ogentroost\",\"lang\":\"nl\"},{\"name\":\"Casse lunette\",\"lang\":\"fr\"},{\"name\":\"Casse-lunettes\",\"lang\":\"fr\"},{\"name\":\"Echter Augentrost\",\"lang\":\"de\"},{\"name\":\"Effros\",\"lang\":\"cym\"},{\"name\":\"Eufrasia officinale\",\"lang\":\"it\"},{\"name\":\"Euphraise de Rostkov\",\"lang\":\"fr\"},{\"name\":\"Euphraise officinale\",\"lang\":\"fr\"},{\"name\":\"Euphraise officinale, Casse-lunettes, Petite euphraise\",\"lang\":\"fr\"},{\"name\":\"Gemeiner Augentrost\",\"lang\":\"de\"},{\"name\":\"Gewöhnlicher Augentrost\",\"lang\":\"de\"},{\"name\":\"Kalk-øjentrøst\",\"lang\":\"da\"},{\"name\":\"Læge-øjentrøst\",\"lang\":\"da\"},{\"name\":\"Orvosi szemvidító\",\"lang\":\"hu\"},{\"name\":\"Pievinė akišveitė\",\"lang\":\"lit\"},{\"name\":\"Vidac\",\"lang\":\"hrv\"},{\"name\":\"Wiesen-Augentrost\",\"lang\":\"de\"}],\"region\":{\"countries\":[\"Albania\",\"Argentina South\",\"Austria\",\"Baltic States\",\"Belarus\",\"Belgium\",\"Bulgaria\",\"Central European Russia\",\"Chile Central\",\"Chile South\",\"Czechia-Slovakia\",\"Denmark\",\"East European Russia\",\"Falkland Is.\",\"Finland\",\"France\",\"Germany\",\"Great Britain\",\"Greece\",\"Hungary\",\"Ireland\",\"Italy\",\"NW. Balkan Pen.\",\"Netherlands\",\"North European Russia\",\"Northwest European Russia\",\"Poland\",\"Romania\",\"Spain\",\"Sweden\",\"Switzerland\",\"Transcaucasus\",\"Türkiye\",\"Ukraine\",\"West Siberia\",\"DE\",\"DK\",\"FR\",\"GL\",\"NO\",\"SE\",\"US\"],\"summary\":\"It is native to Europe, parts of Asia, and North America, typically inhabiting grasslands, meadows, and open woodlands. The plant thrives in well-drained soils and relies on parasitizing the roots of neighboring grasses and herbs.\"},\"scarcity\":{\"iucn_code\":\"NE\",\"iucn_category\":\"NOT_EVALUATED\",\"source\":\"gbif-iucn\"},\"summary\":\"Euphrasia officinalis, commonly known as eyebright, is a hemiparasitic annual herb in the family Orobanchaceae. It is recognized by its small, two-lipped flowers that are typically white or purplish with distinct yellow markings.\",\"uses\":{\"beneficial\":\"It is occasionally included in wildflower seed mixes to promote grassland biodiversity, as its hemiparasitic nature helps control vigorous grasses. Otherwise, it has little modern economic or ornamental value.\",\"medicinal\":\"In traditional European folk medicine, it is widely used as an eyewash or compress to soothe eye inflammations and conjunctivitis. It has also been brewed as a tea to treat respiratory conditions, colds, and gastrointestinal complaints.\",\"artisanal\":null},\"culture\":{\"mythology\":\"The plant's historical association with eye care is rooted in the Doctrine of Signatures, as its flower markings resemble a bloodshot human eye. It was traditionally believed to be a divine remedy for preserving sight and was sometimes used in folk charms to protect vision.\",\"cultures\":[\"European\",\"Austrian\",\"British\"]},\"edible\":false,\"toxic\":false,\"sources\":[{\"field\":\"taxonomy\",\"source\":\"gbif\",\"ref\":\"https://www.gbif.org/species/8106874\"},{\"field\":\"scarcity\",\"source\":\"gbif-iucn\"},{\"field\":\"region.countries\",\"source\":\"gbif\"},{\"field\":\"summary\",\"source\":\"wikipedia\",\"ref\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphrasia_officinalis\"},{\"field\":\"uses,culture\",\"source\":\"qwen3.7-max+wikipedia\"}],\"disclaimer\":\"Edibility, medicinal and foraging information is for reference only and is not medical, dietary or safety advice. Plant misidentification can be dangerous; verify independently before any use.\",\"enrichment\":{\"model\":\"qwen3.7-max\",\"grounded_on\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphrasia_officinalis\",\"ok\":true,\"at\":1779906981},\"status\":\"expert_verified\",\"verified_count\":1,\"images\":[{\"sha256\":\"5cae59634cad93496f25ffbf4885f55eaa60b019eda0e4cfaece749f6008b22e\",\"organ\":\"flower\",\"url\":\"https://blossom.primal.net/5cae59634cad93496f25ffbf4885f55eaa60b019eda0e4cfaece749f6008b22e.png\"}],\"updated_at\":1779906981}", "sig": "f0d4bddbb138242502fae0b8b5d91f8c2686f09d56d9b3644746160748255a7e62c542bdf570b15ab77a796bfa315a44e93ed33b7f1a5f70b444747c4ed9316e" }