{ "id": "cac2a603d0e2502e9434fcddd6356f4d4e5642e1466c2bbcee91759b1803692d", "pubkey": "8bcfbc7a83ac7ccca47f58aa65b75fc6856f9878a9735be5fd96d8b80aa22a31", "created_at": 1780316381, "kind": 32616, "tags": [ [ "d", "digitalis-purpurea" ], [ "title", "Digitalis purpurea" ], [ "name", "Digitalis purpurea" ], [ "rank", "species" ], [ "status", "auto" ], [ "verified_count", "0" ], [ "schema", "belenos-species/2" ], [ "family", "Plantaginaceae" ], [ "gbif", "5414995" ], [ "iucn", "NE" ], [ "country", "Reunion" ], [ "country", "North America" ], [ "country", "Manizales | Pasto" ], [ "country", "Bogotá" ], [ "country", "Norway" ], [ "country", "Cómbita" ], [ "country", "Monguí" ], [ "country", "Rondón" ], [ "country", "Samacá" ], [ "country", "California" ], [ "country", "Parque Nacional Natural Puracé | Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza | Parque Nacional Natural Sumapaz" ], [ "country", "England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl., Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark [I]; Norway; Sweden; Netherlands [I]; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Austria [I]; Poland [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia; Hungary [I]; Portugal; Spain; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); Corsica; Sardinia; Croatia; Estonia [c]; Belarus [I]; European Russia; Morocco; Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Sao Jorge, Pico, Flores Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Ilhas Desertas); Canary Isl. (Tenerife); La Réunion [I]; Russian Far East [I] (Kuril Isl. [I], Sakhalin [I]); China [I] (Jiangsu [I], Jiangxi [I], Sichuan [I], Zhejiang [I]); South Korea [I]; Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I]; India [I] (Jammu \u0026 Kashmir [I], West Bengal [I]); Myanmar [I]; Vietnam [I]; Philippines [c]; Java [I]; Australia [I] (New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Auckland Isl. [I]; Alaska [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I]); St. Pierre et Miquelon [I]; USA [I] (California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Idaho [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Montana [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Utah [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I], Wyoming [I]); Mexico [I]; El Salvador [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Panama [I]; Cuba [I]; Jamaica [I]; Colombia [I]; Venezuela [I]; Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Atacama [I], Valparaíso [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I], Aisén [I], Magallanes [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]" ], [ "country", "Argentina Northeast" ], [ "country", "Argentina Northwest" ], [ "country", "Argentina South" ], [ "country", "Arkansas" ], [ "country", "Austria" ], [ "country", "Azores" ], [ "country", "Baltic States" ], [ "country", "Belarus" ], [ "country", "Belgium" ], [ "country", "Bolivia" ], [ "country", "Brazil Southeast" ], [ "country", "Brazil South" ], [ "country", "British Columbia" ], [ "country", "Canary Is." ], [ "country", "Central European Russia" ], [ "country", "Chile Central" ], [ "country", "China South-Central" ], [ "country", "China Southeast" ], [ "country", "Colombia" ], [ "country", "Colorado" ], [ "country", "Connecticut" ], [ "country", "Corse" ], [ "country", "Costa Rica" ], [ "country", "Cuba" ], [ "country", "Czechia-Slovakia" ], [ "country", "Denmark" ], [ "country", "East European Russia" ], [ "country", "East Himalaya" ], [ "common", "Foxglove", "en" ], [ "common", "Digitalis", "en" ], [ "common", "Common Foxglove", "en" ], [ "common", "Purple Foxglove", "en" ], [ "common", "Almindelig fingerbøl", "da" ], [ "common", "Arba ditali", "cos" ], [ "common", "Bysedd Cochion", "cym" ], [ "common", "Bysedd Ellyllon", "cym" ], [ "common", "Bysedd y Cŵn", "cym" ], [ "common", "Clatsh y Cŵn", "cym" ], [ "common", "Cleci Coch", "cym" ], [ "common", "Dail Bysedd Cochion", "cym" ], [ "image", "https://blossom.primal.net/c93805a5bbddd49ef6e5cd561a0e315325bab66645087a08cf58d7d2b1c82648.jpg", "c93805a5bbddd49ef6e5cd561a0e315325bab66645087a08cf58d7d2b1c82648", "flower" ], [ "image", "https://npub1ttcpd7tytpzd9k8mhyhc4hwjmhuw3hmdv7e4zzfyfu4y5lr02h4qslt0ym.blossom.band/8b2731d04a53c8a5187b52a35cd86b2647f1ecb7f871fae72b22538a6afc2c64.jpg", "8b2731d04a53c8a5187b52a35cd86b2647f1ecb7f871fae72b22538a6afc2c64", "flower" ], [ "t", "toxic" ], [ "t", "medicinal" ] ], "content": "{\"schema\":\"belenos-species/2\",\"binomial\":\"Digitalis purpurea\",\"authorship\":\"L.\",\"rank\":\"species\",\"taxonomy\":{\"kingdom\":\"Plantae\",\"phylum\":\"Tracheophyta\",\"class\":\"Magnoliopsida\",\"order\":\"Lamiales\",\"family\":\"Plantaginaceae\",\"genus\":\"Digitalis\"},\"family\":\"Plantaginaceae\",\"gbif_taxon_id\":5414995,\"powo_id\":\"802077-1\",\"common_names\":[{\"name\":\"Foxglove\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"Digitalis\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"Common Foxglove\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"Purple Foxglove\",\"lang\":\"en\"},{\"name\":\"Almindelig fingerbøl\",\"lang\":\"da\"},{\"name\":\"Arba ditali\",\"lang\":\"cos\"},{\"name\":\"Bysedd Cochion\",\"lang\":\"cym\"},{\"name\":\"Bysedd Ellyllon\",\"lang\":\"cym\"},{\"name\":\"Bysedd y Cŵn\",\"lang\":\"cym\"},{\"name\":\"Clatsh y Cŵn\",\"lang\":\"cym\"},{\"name\":\"Cleci Coch\",\"lang\":\"cym\"},{\"name\":\"Dail Bysedd Cochion\",\"lang\":\"cym\"},{\"name\":\"Dail Crach\",\"lang\":\"cym\"},{\"name\":\"Dail Ffion-Ffrwyth\",\"lang\":\"cym\"},{\"name\":\"Dail Llwynog\",\"lang\":\"cym\"},{\"name\":\"Dedaleira\",\"lang\":\"glg\"},{\"name\":\"Dedalera\",\"lang\":\"es\"},{\"name\":\"Degețel roșu\",\"lang\":\"ro\"},{\"name\":\"Digitale pourpre\",\"lang\":\"fr\"},{\"name\":\"Digitale pourpre, Digitale, Digitale pourprée\",\"lang\":\"fr\"}],\"region\":{\"countries\":[\"Reunion\",\"North America\",\"Manizales | Pasto\",\"Bogotá\",\"Norway\",\"Cómbita\",\"Monguí\",\"Rondón\",\"Samacá\",\"California\",\"Parque Nacional Natural Puracé | Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza | Parque Nacional Natural Sumapaz\",\"England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl., Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark [I]; Norway; Sweden; Netherlands [I]; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Austria [I]; Poland [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia; Hungary [I]; Portugal; Spain; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); Corsica; Sardinia; Croatia; Estonia [c]; Belarus [I]; European Russia; Morocco; Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Sao Jorge, Pico, Flores Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Ilhas Desertas); Canary Isl. (Tenerife); La Réunion [I]; Russian Far East [I] (Kuril Isl. [I], Sakhalin [I]); China [I] (Jiangsu [I], Jiangxi [I], Sichuan [I], Zhejiang [I]); South Korea [I]; Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I]; India [I] (Jammu \u0026 Kashmir [I], West Bengal [I]); Myanmar [I]; Vietnam [I]; Philippines [c]; Java [I]; Australia [I] (New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Auckland Isl. [I]; Alaska [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I]); St. Pierre et Miquelon [I]; USA [I] (California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Idaho [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Montana [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Utah [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I], Wyoming [I]); Mexico [I]; El Salvador [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Panama [I]; Cuba [I]; Jamaica [I]; Colombia [I]; Venezuela [I]; Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Atacama [I], Valparaíso [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I], Aisén [I], Magallanes [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]\",\"Argentina Northeast\",\"Argentina Northwest\",\"Argentina South\",\"Arkansas\",\"Austria\",\"Azores\",\"Baltic States\",\"Belarus\",\"Belgium\",\"Bolivia\",\"Brazil Southeast\",\"Brazil South\",\"British Columbia\",\"Canary Is.\",\"Central European Russia\",\"Chile Central\",\"China South-Central\",\"China Southeast\",\"Colombia\",\"Colorado\",\"Connecticut\",\"Corse\",\"Costa Rica\",\"Cuba\",\"Czechia-Slovakia\",\"Denmark\",\"East European Russia\",\"East Himalaya\",\"Ecuador\",\"El Salvador\",\"France\",\"Germany\",\"Great Britain\",\"Guatemala\",\"Hungary\",\"Idaho\",\"Ireland\",\"Jamaica\",\"Korea\",\"Krym\",\"Kuril Is.\",\"Madeira\",\"Maine\",\"Malawi\",\"Maryland\",\"Massachusetts\",\"Mexico Central\",\"Mexico Gulf\",\"Mexico Northeast\",\"Mexico Southeast\",\"Mexico Southwest\",\"Michigan\",\"Montana\",\"Morocco\",\"Netherlands\",\"New Brunswick\",\"New Hampshire\",\"New Jersey\",\"New York\",\"New Zealand North\",\"New Zealand South\",\"Newfoundland\",\"North Carolina\",\"Northwest European Russia\",\"Nova Scotia\",\"Ohio\",\"Ontario\",\"Oregon\",\"Pennsylvania\",\"Peru\",\"Poland\",\"Portugal\",\"Québec\",\"Réunion\",\"Sakhalin\",\"Sardegna\",\"South European Russia\",\"Spain\",\"Sweden\",\"Tasmania\",\"Ukraine\",\"Uruguay\",\"Utah\",\"Venezuela\",\"Vermont\",\"Vietnam\",\"Washington\",\"West Virginia\",\"Wisconsin\",\"Wyoming\",\"Zimbabwe\",\"AM\",\"AR\",\"AT\",\"AU\",\"BA\",\"BE\",\"BR\",\"CA\",\"CL\",\"CO\",\"CR\",\"CZ\",\"DE\",\"DK\",\"EC\",\"EE\",\"ES\",\"FI\",\"FK\",\"FR\",\"GE\",\"HR\",\"HU\",\"IN\",\"IS\",\"JP\",\"LU\",\"LV\",\"MX\",\"NL\",\"NO\",\"NZ\",\"PL\",\"PT\",\"SE\",\"SK\",\"TW\",\"US\",\"ZW\"],\"summary\":\"Native to Western Europe, North Africa, and several Mediterranean islands, it thrives in acidic soils, woodland clearings, and disturbed sites. It has been widely introduced and naturalized across North America, South America, Asia, and Oceania.\"},\"scarcity\":{\"iucn_code\":\"NE\",\"iucn_category\":\"NOT_EVALUATED\",\"source\":\"gbif-iucn\"},\"summary\":\"Digitalis purpurea, commonly known as foxglove, is a toxic herbaceous biennial or short-lived perennial famous for its tall spikes of tubular, spotted flowers. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant and is historically significant as the original botanical source of the cardiac medication digoxin.\",\"uses\":{\"beneficial\":\"It is a highly popular ornamental garden plant with many cultivated varieties available for landscaping. Ecologically, its nectar-rich tubular flowers are an important food source for bees, particularly bumblebees.\",\"medicinal\":\"In traditional European folk medicine, preparations of the leaves were historically used to treat dropsy and heart ailments. It is the original botanical source of the cardiac glycosides digoxin and digitoxin, which were later isolated for modern pharmaceutical use.\",\"artisanal\":null},\"culture\":{\"mythology\":\"In British and Celtic folklore, the spotted flowers were believed to be marked by fairy fingerprints or worn as gloves by fairies and foxes. It was also sometimes planted near cottage doors to ward off evil spirits and witches.\",\"cultures\":[\"Celtic\",\"English\",\"European\"]},\"edible\":false,\"toxic\":true,\"sources\":[{\"field\":\"taxonomy\",\"source\":\"gbif\",\"ref\":\"https://www.gbif.org/species/5414995\"},{\"field\":\"scarcity\",\"source\":\"gbif-iucn\"},{\"field\":\"region.countries\",\"source\":\"gbif\"},{\"field\":\"summary\",\"source\":\"wikipedia\",\"ref\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitalis_purpurea\"},{\"field\":\"uses,culture\",\"source\":\"qwen3.7-max+wikipedia\"}],\"disclaimer\":\"Edibility, medicinal and foraging information is for reference only and is not medical, dietary or safety advice. Plant misidentification can be dangerous; verify independently before any use.\",\"enrichment\":{\"model\":\"qwen3.7-max\",\"grounded_on\":\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitalis_purpurea\",\"ok\":true,\"at\":1780316381},\"status\":\"auto\",\"verified_count\":0,\"images\":[{\"sha256\":\"c93805a5bbddd49ef6e5cd561a0e315325bab66645087a08cf58d7d2b1c82648\",\"organ\":\"flower\",\"url\":\"https://blossom.primal.net/c93805a5bbddd49ef6e5cd561a0e315325bab66645087a08cf58d7d2b1c82648.jpg\"},{\"sha256\":\"8b2731d04a53c8a5187b52a35cd86b2647f1ecb7f871fae72b22538a6afc2c64\",\"organ\":\"flower\",\"url\":\"https://npub1ttcpd7tytpzd9k8mhyhc4hwjmhuw3hmdv7e4zzfyfu4y5lr02h4qslt0ym.blossom.band/8b2731d04a53c8a5187b52a35cd86b2647f1ecb7f871fae72b22538a6afc2c64.jpg\"}],\"updated_at\":1780316381}", "sig": "1b0ad1d94830c8ca2081fb4b0f492d62751f0e7d753173c22bebadcffd7668f6c65720083710653056150d4fde8a29ec0a4c84e6b9d18bd139af0954e79faa50" }