"After hundreds of millennia in which all humans had direct access to the commons, it took only a few centuries... to cut off the vast majority of people on Earth from direct access to the means of economic production and therefore to rob them of the power to say no. It took only a few generations to convince most people that this situation was natural and inevitable. That false lesson needs to be unlearned." - Karl Widerquist and Grant S. McCall
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2026-05-16T01:22:17Z Event JSON
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Last Notes npub18f9mpdueu3629a4q56n9zvedlg03fy7fr4zrcnmz56yzwvgheguqwslvga How did we get here? Well, that's your choice. But it's not a very helpful reply in this context since there are a great deal more references being offered here than just Wengrow, and I think the linked essay by Wengrow is very valid and relevant regardless. npub18f9mpdueu3629a4q56n9zvedlg03fy7fr4zrcnmz56yzwvgheguqwslvga How did we get here? I don't think human nature is that simple or limited. While I oppose hierarchy and state, that does not mean I reject other forms of human cooperation and collective actions. Societies that went beyond nomadic HG bands did not automatically go down the path of hierarchy and oppression. Human nature is vastly creative and flexible and there are many examples of more egalitarian societies that went well beyond small nomadic bands. This is thoroughly addressed in some of the links I already shared: More discoveries challenging conventional ideas about human cultural evolution https://c.im/@whathappened/113432448395719328 "Looking further back we see that humans all over the globe have been actively managing our environment successfully and sustainably for many millennia, which reveals falsehoods embedded in the Lockean (white, European, patriarchal) view of humanity, history and land use." https://c.im/@whathappened/113431238520344807 and https://c.im/@whathappened/113431255161180652 #note1dd6…63du npub18f9mpdueu3629a4q56n9zvedlg03fy7fr4zrcnmz56yzwvgheguqwslvga How did we get here? I also have an issue with his next piece in the series, "Human Supremacy". I do agree that human supremacy is a toxic school of thought that we need to abolish. He connects it to monotheism, and I suppose there is some truth to that. But he then pushes the scenario that monotheism emerged because of agriculture (specifically intensive, mono-crop type of agriculture), and also paints agriculture as an outcome of human supremacy. All of this is treated as part of natural human evolution in general, as if cultures gradually on their own developed these ideas and went with them. Again, I think he is missing a huge part of the big picture by not addressing the power dynamics that actually led to these conditions. He has positive things to say about animism as a better form of relationship with nature, but does not acknowledge that animism did not just evolve into monotheism on its own, from a grass roots level, going along with mainstream narratives about people voluntarily choosing an agricultural lifestyle and embracing the emergence of state. This disingenuous narrative is not supported by the actual evidence. Intensive mono-crop agriculture is something that was forced upon people through coercion and violence by the newly emerging power structure we now know of as state. Look at the indigenous peoples of North America for example, they did not inevitably evolve such forms of agriculture, nor did they voluntarily embrace the idea of human supremacy as an good idea shared by visitors from the "old world". No, it was violently forced upon them, along with genocide and slavery. Things could have played out differently, and there are many examples where they did. Just like capitalism and state, the concept of human supremacy was forced on the vast majority by a small group of people who happened to have enough concentrated power to do so (along with a large amount of luck... bad luck for most of us). In other words, I reject the notion that human nature is to blame for our predicament. Rather there were and are specific, small groups of people responsible for imposing hierarchy and toxic narratives on the rest of us. I also reject the narrative that agriculture itself inherently and inevitably leads to the problems we're facing now. Here are some posts containing numerous excellent references about agriculture, state, and historical alternatives: More discoveries challenging conventional ideas about human cultural evolution https://c.im/@whathappened/113432448395719328 How Colonialism Spawned and Continues to Exacerbate the Climate Crisis and What Is: The Capitalocene https://c.im/@whathappened/113431500315072494 "Looking further back we see that humans all over the globe have been actively managing our environment successfully and sustainably for many millennia, which reveals falsehoods embedded in the Lockean (white, European, patriarchal) view of humanity, history and land use." https://c.im/@whathappened/113431238520344807 and https://c.im/@whathappened/113431255161180652 Murphy also treated patriarchy and property rights as things that emerged naturally and universally among villages, but in fact these things were probably more the result of the emergence of state than preconditions that led to the emergence of state: https://c.im/@whathappened/113430982349813569 "...private property theory furnished propaganda for the enclosure and colonial movements that forcibly established that institution around the world." https://c.im/@whathappened/113431100256958323 Property as a social construct https://kolektiva.social/@RD4Anarchy/111891044015665650 npub18f9mpdueu3629a4q56n9zvedlg03fy7fr4zrcnmz56yzwvgheguqwslvga How did we get here? Appendix 4: One attempt to tell a new story An area in northeast Syria that’s populated by around five million people and is roughly the size of Belgium, Rojava (Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria) is a vision of hope and a daily struggle full of paradoxes. We have much to learn from this experiment and it's history. Rojava Revolution: Women’s Liberation, Democracy and Ecology in North-East Syria https://bioneers.org/rojava-revolution-womens-liberation-democracy-and-ecology-in-north-east-syria-ztvz2406/ Hope and Contradictions: My Year in Rojava https://www.defendrojava.org/news/hope-and-contradictions-my-year-in-rojava 9 February 2026 update on the situation in Rojava: The Rojava Revolution in Peril, the Struggle for Free Life Continues A Statement from American, Chinese, and Russian Internationalists https://crimethinc.com/Rojavaperil npub18f9mpdueu3629a4q56n9zvedlg03fy7fr4zrcnmz56yzwvgheguqwslvga How did we get here? on Poverty https://kolektiva.social/@HeavenlyPossum/109463692215268151 19/30 https://s3.c.im/media_attachments/files/113/431/466/635/482/947/original/bf82ad3a20861038.png npub18f9mpdueu3629a4q56n9zvedlg03fy7fr4zrcnmz56yzwvgheguqwslvga How did we get here? Another quote from THE PREHISTORY OF PRIVATE PROPERTY: "No argument about the freedom to appropriate can support the market economy, because capitalism makes people no freer to appropriate property than the common property regime, public property regime, or any other system. A person born into the contemporary market economy is as unfree to appropriate land as a person born to a common property regime or a public property regime that allows no private landownership. The right to appropriate scarce resources, as economist define the term (i.e. anything with a monetary value), is inconsistent with a system of equal freedom from coercion. The propertyless today are not and cannot be equally free to appropriate. "Lomasky's "liberty to acquire" holdings actually means the "liberty" to purchase goods. That's not a liberty at all. That's a positive opportunity. The goods you are expected to buy are made out of resources you have forcibly been excluded from using yourself. The chance to take orders from one resource owner so that you can "earn" the right to buy goods from other resource owners might be useful, but it is not freedom from some form of coercion that exists in societies with a common property regime." 16/30 https://s3.c.im/media_attachments/files/113/431/444/239/632/385/original/43a484435aa1e826.png npub18f9mpdueu3629a4q56n9zvedlg03fy7fr4zrcnmz56yzwvgheguqwslvga How did we get here? on the enclosure of our roads and car dependency as capitalist rent: https://kolektiva.social/@HeavenlyPossum/110123111646315678 (See also: What We Lost When Cars Won Americans once feared cars. Now we can’t imagine life without them. https://grist.org/culture/cars-crashes-books-culture/ for more horrifying details of car culture see this article which fleshes out the statistics very well though it falls short by only dealing with superficial causes and solutions: We Should Be Building Cities for People, Not Cars https://devonzuegel.com/post/we-should-be-building-cities-for-people-not-cars 12/30 https://s3.c.im/media_attachments/files/113/431/389/827/579/822/original/4fab4b6f22793157.png npub18f9mpdueu3629a4q56n9zvedlg03fy7fr4zrcnmz56yzwvgheguqwslvga How did we get here? (continued) Milpas Based on the agronomy of the Maya and of other Mesoamerican peoples, the milpa system is used to produce crops of maize, beans, and squash without employing artificial pesticides and artificial fertilizers... A milpa is a field, usually but not always recently cleared, in which farmers plant a dozen crops at once including maize, avocados, multiple varieties of squash and bean, melon, tomatoes, chilis, sweet potato, jícama, amaranth, and mucuna ... Milpa crops are nutritionally and environmentally complementary... The milpa, in the estimation of H. Garrison Wilkes, a maize researcher at the University of Massachusetts in Boston, "is one of the most successful human inventions ever created." The concept of milpa is a sociocultural construct rather than simply a system of agriculture. It involves complex interactions and relationships between farmers, as well as distinct personal relationships with both the crops and land. For example, it has been noted that "the making of milpa is the central, most sacred act, one which binds together the family, the community, the universe ... [it] forms the core institution of Indian society in Mesoamerica and its religious and social importance often appear to exceed its nutritional and economic importance." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milpa Evidence confirms an anthropic origin of Amazonian Dark Earths First described over 120 years ago in Brazil, Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) are expanses of dark soil that are exceptionally fertile and contain large quantities of archaeological artifacts... Archaeological research provides clear evidence that their widespread formation in lowland South America was concentrated in the Late Holocene, an outcome of sharp human population growth that peaked towards 1000 BP https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-31064-2 The Supposedly Pristine, Untouched Amazon Rainforest Was Actually Shaped By Humans "Perhaps [...] the very biodiversity we want to preserve is not only due to thousands of years of natural evolution but also the result of the human footprint on them," Iriarte says. "The more we learn, the more the evidence point to the latter." https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/pristine-untouched-amazonian-rainforest-was-actually-shaped-humans-180962378/ Lost Cities of the Amazon Discovered From the Air https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/lost-cities-of-the-amazon-discovered-from-the-air-180980142/ Genetic Evidence Overrules Ecocide Theory of Easter Island Once And For All https://www.sciencealert.com/genetic-evidence-overrules-ecocide-theory-of-easter-island-once-and-for-all Easter Island study casts doubt on theory of ‘ecocide’ by early population https://www.theguardian.com/science/article/2024/jun/21/easter-island-study-casts-doubt-on-theory-of-ecocide-by-early-population The truth about Easter Island: a sustainable society has been falsely blamed for its own demise https://theconversation.com/the-truth-about-easter-island-a-sustainable-society-has-been-falsely-blamed-for-its-own-demise-85563 Debunking the “Ecocide” Myth: The Real Story of Easter Island https://scitechdaily.com/debunking-the-ecocide-myth-the-real-story-of-easter-island/ Climate change, not human population growth, correlates with Late Quaternary megafauna declines in North America https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-21201-8 New research upends theory that Indigenous Australians hunted large animals to extinction https://archive.ph/XuewE https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.250078 Study finds Indigenous people cultivated hazelnuts 7,000 years ago, challenging modern assumptions Researcher says evidence challenges narratives of wild, untouched landscapes in what is now British Columbia "What this is saying is ... intentional agricultural-type food production is part of our heritage for longer than ancient Egypt." https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/bc-hazelnut-research-1.7392860 All these examples just scratch the surface. Here is an absolutely mammoth thread from @npub1wl5…vs4x with many more examples from around the world showing "that the history of our relationship to nature has not been one of unilinear destruction; and that destruction is not 'human nature'": Posts 1-21: https://mastodon.green/@pvonhellermannn/109410840331192595 Thread continues here (posts 22-42): https://mastodon.green/@pvonhellermannn/109508169070569262 Thread continues here (posts 43-52): https://mastodon.green/@pvonhellermannn/109535265169676919 Note: some of the links in Pauline's thread are no longer working, but I was able to find alternatives. If you are seriously diving into her thread, you can check this post for alternate links: https://c.im/@whathappened/114032806544180033 Rather than human nature, agriculture, or over-population, the cause of our current nightmare of environmental destruction originated with a specific group of people who had the power to enforce their exploitation and pillaging over the entire globe eventually. We'll look more later at the disastrous results of colonialism and capitalism. 9b/30 npub18f9mpdueu3629a4q56n9zvedlg03fy7fr4zrcnmz56yzwvgheguqwslvga How did we get here? Here are two short threads from @npub1s02…zz9t on the Labor Theory of Property and John Locke: https://kolektiva.social/@HeavenlyPossum/110164109548612913 https://kolektiva.social/@HeavenlyPossum/109465708774475922 6/30 https://s3.c.im/media_attachments/files/113/431/069/571/313/227/original/5c77f0e8a5cbd720.png npub18f9mpdueu3629a4q56n9zvedlg03fy7fr4zrcnmz56yzwvgheguqwslvga How did we get here? (continued) _____ In every system of morality, which I have hitherto met with, I have always remarked, that the author proceeds for some time in the ordinary way of reasoning, and establishes the being of a God, or makes observations concerning human affairs; when of a sudden I am surprised to find, that instead of the usual copulations of propositions, is, and is not, I meet with no proposition that is not connected with an ought, or an ought not. This change is imperceptible; but is, however, of the last consequence. _____ With David Hume's observation in mind, let's return to Locke's 'theory' of property. It's not a 'theory' at all - it's a moral treatise. According to Locke, we *ought* to own what we produce. But that doesn't mean that we *do*. To see the consequences of this mistake, we need an actual scientific theory of property rights - a theory that explains why property exists, not why it 'ought' to exist. The most convincing theory of private property, in my opinion, comes from the work of Jonathan Nitzan and Shimshon Bichler. To understand property, Nitzan and Bichler argue that we should turn Locke's idea on its head. Property isn't a 'natural right'. It's an act of *power*. Property, Nitzan and Bichler observe, is an act of exclusion. If I own something, that means that I have the right to exclude others from using it. It s this exclusionary power that defines private property. Here are Nitzan and Bichler describing this act: _____ The most important feature of private ownership is not that it enables those who own, but that it disables those who do not. Technically, anyone can get into someone else's car and drive away, or give an order to sell all of Warren Buffet's shares in Berkshire Hathaway. The sole purpose of private ownership is to prevent us from doing so. In this sense, private ownership is wholly and only an institution of exclusion, and institutional exclusion is a matter of organized power. _____ When we think like Nitzan and Bichler, we get a very different view of income. Recall that most political economists see property in terms of the 'things' that are owned. They then argue that income stems from these 'things'. Nitzan and Bichler upend this logic. Property, they argue, is about the *act* of ownership - the institutional act of exclusion. Income stems from this exclusionary act. We earn income from the *fence* of property rights, not from what's inside the fence. In other words, if you can't restrict access to your property, you can't earn income from it." https://economicsfromthetopdown.com/2020/06/18/can-the-world-get-along-without-natural-resources/ 5b/30 https://s3.c.im/media_attachments/files/113/431/041/124/759/948/original/8295fb09e0fef1d0.png npub18f9mpdueu3629a4q56n9zvedlg03fy7fr4zrcnmz56yzwvgheguqwslvga How did we get here? To explore this new understanding further here is a more detailed look at the stories we've been told and who has been telling them (this one is a longish read, dive in if you find it interesting, otherwise don't get bogged down here, move on to the next post!): "How to change the course of human history (at least, the part that's already happened)" by anthropologist David Graeber and David Wengrow: https://www.eurozine.com/change-course-human-history/ 3/30 https://s3.c.im/media_attachments/files/113/430/965/382/061/985/original/6665827dcabfa921.png