This month, there are 2 new clinical trials—for a phase 1 pan-coronavirus vaccine from the US, and a phase 3 trial for a combined flu-Covid vaccine in Europe. There are also some additional clinical trial results for an intranasal vaccine, and 7 preclinical reports
In the paid subscribers’ section, there is more news on the flu-Covid combination vaccine race, and a new overview of self-amplifying mRNA vaccines. Thank you so much to the readers who are now making this Vax Tracker possible! Paid subscribers also get access to all the regularly updated pipeline charts and tracking tables.# <li>New clinical <a href="#trialresults">trial results</a></li><li>Clinical <a href="#progress">trial progress</a></li><li><a href="#preclinical">Preclinical</a> reports</li><li><a href="#paid">More news and discussion</a> <strong><em>(paid subscription required)</em></strong></li># # ####
**New clinical trial results**There were further results for a subgroup of participants in a phase 1 trial this month. The vaccine is Patria, the version from Laboratorio Avi-Mex (Mexico) of the vaccine developed by the Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai (USA). It is a viral vector vaccine, based on the Newcastle Disease Virus.
The injected form of Patria is one of the vaccines authorized in Mexico. An intranasal version was also included in 2 trials—a phase 1 and a phase 2 trial. Results from both those trials have been published. The developers of the original vaccine in the US have an intranasal version in a phase 2b trial—it is the Castlevax vaccine, and it is one of the vaccines [featured in my watchlist](https://vaxtracker.wordpress.com/featured-vaccines/#7 ).
The phase 1 trial including intranasal Patria had 91 participants, and results were [published in 2023](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41541-023-00662-6 ). This month, an additional analysis [was published](https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/14/10/2232 ) for the 17 participants who had been enrolled in the safety cohort—9 of them had received the intranasal version. In this new paper, the researchers report on analyses of T-cell immunity, concluding that both intranasal and injected forms of the vaccine showed T-cell activation against SARS-CoV-2.
* (All records on Patria in my collection are [here](https://www.zotero.org/groups/2528572/covid-19_vaccine_results/tags/NDV-HXP-S%2FPatria%20(AVX-COVID-12-HEXAPRO)%20Avimex/library ). All records on the Castlevax vaccine are [here](https://www.zotero.org/groups/2528572/covid-19_vaccine_results/tags/CVAX-01%20Castlevax%2FIcahn%20School%20of%20Medicine%20Mt%20Sinai/library ).)*# ####
**Clinical trial progress**Sanofi has [registered a phase 3 trial ](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07890454 )for a vaccine combining their version of Novavax’s Covid vaccine plus their own inactivated influenza vaccine (Fluzone High Dose). The trial will seek to recruit 6,000 participants—locations not yet announced. The combined vaccine is being compared to getting the 2 components separately—the people in the combined vaccine arm will also get 2 injections, one of which is a placebo.
They also registered [a phase 4 trial](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07861542 ) of their version of the Novavax Covid vaccine, based on an Omicron variant. The trial will aim to recruit 660 people, either 65 years of age or older, or people at risk of severe Covid aged 12 to 64. That trial is recruiting from 20 locations in the US (details [here](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07861542#contacts-and-locations )).
Duke University has registered a new phase 1 trial for their protein subunit vaccine targeting betacoronaviruses. The vaccine has a new adjuvant (ACU-026-001-1). The trial will aim to recruit 36 participants. They recently terminated their [original phase 1 trial](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06950177 ) because of an issue with the original adjuvant (“stability not extended”).# ####
**Preclinical reports*****Mucosal vaccines***
*Oral yeast-based vaccine from the Henan University of Science and Technology (China)*: [This is the first preclinical report](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0141813026049585 ) for this vaccine. It was tested in mice.
*Intranasal vaccine adjuvant from the University of Tokyo (Japan):* [This is the first preclinical report](https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aeh6480 ) for this development. It was tested in mice.
*Intranasal live attenuated vaccine from the I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera (Russia):* [This is the first preclinical report](https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/14/10/895 ) for this vaccine. It was tested in hamsters. ([A preprint](https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202609.1601 ) of this report was in last month’s update.)
***“Variant-proof” (“universal”) Covid vaccine***
*Protein subunit vaccine from the University of Pittsburgh (USA): *[This is the first preclinical report](https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/18/10/1236 ) for this vaccine. The vaccine was tested in mice. The vaccine is delivered by transdermal patch, and a skin test was done in rabbits.
*Protein subunit vaccine from the West China Hospital, Sichuan University (China):* [This is the sixth preclinical report](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-026-02939-3 ) for this vaccine. Versions adapted for Omicron variants were tested in mice to study vaccine evasion from a variant. (All records in my collection for this program [here](https://www.zotero.org/groups/2528572/covid-_vaccine_results/tags/Unnamed%20-%20West%20China%20Hospital%20Sichuan%20Uni/library ).)
***Pan-coronavirus vaccines***
*Protein subunit vaccine from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech)* *(USA):* [This is the ninth preclinical report](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.13.758647v1 ) for this vaccine. The vaccine targets sarbecoviruses. It was tested in a llama. (All records for this vaccine [here](https://www.zotero.org/groups/2528572/covid-_vaccine_results/tags/Mosaic-8b%20Caltech/library ).)
**Protein subunit** *vaccine from the University of California Irvine* *and TechImmune* *(USA):* [This is the fifth preclinical report](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41541-026-01549-y ) for this vaccine. It was tested in hamsters. (All records for this vaccine [here](https://www.zotero.org/groups/2528572/covid-_vaccine_results/tags/Unnamed%20-%20Uni%20California%20Irvine%2FTechImmune/library ).)# ####
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