THEDAILYEAGLE

“For who could keep his hands off Libya, or Carthage, when that city got within his reach, a city which Agathocles, slipping stealthily out of Syracuse and crossing the sea with a few ships, narrowly missed taking?” Plutarch

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nos.lol

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Last Notes

2026-07-21 10:57:07 GMT

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Do you think his views can exist parallel a biblical Christian view? That’s how he says he views it himself, that the book of Genesis is “at LEAST psychologically true”. Regardless if historically true.
I myself have come to “admire” the bible and the depth of scripture much more because of him.
Yet the danger is maybe that as a consequence the bible is used as a self help book and not as a holy book teaching Jesus Christ as our only saviour.
Any comments would be appreciated.

2026-07-06 23:21:56 GMT

🟡 PLINY ON THE GERMAN TRIBES
“There are five German races; the Vandili, parts of whom are the Burgundiones, the Varini, the Carini, and the Gutones: the Ingaevones, forming a second race, a portion of whom are the Cimbri, the Teutoni, and the tribes of the Chauci. The Istaevones, who join up to the Rhine, and to whom the Cimbri belong, are the third race; while the Hermiones, forming a fourth, dwell in the interior, and include the Suevi, the Hermunduri, the Chatti, and the Cherusci: the fifth race is that of the Peucini, who are also the Basternae, adjoining the Daci previously mentioned. The more famous rivers that flow into the ocean are the Guttalus, the Vistillus or Vistula, the Albis, the Visurgis, the Amisius, the Rhine, and the Mosa. In the interior is the long extent of the Hercynian range, which in grandeur is inferior to none.”
“NINETY-SIX ISLANDS OF THE GALLIC OCEAN. In the Rhine itself, nearly 100 miles in length, is the most famous island of the Batavi and the Canninefates, as also other islands of the Frisii, the Chauci, the Frisiabones, the Sturii, and the Marsacii, which lie between Helium and Flevum. These are the names of the mouths into which the Rhine divides itself, discharging its waters on the north into the lakes there, and on the west into the river Mosa. At the middle mouth which lies between these two, the river, having but a very small channel, preserves its own name.”
https://blossom.primal.net/e36f36416b5f2e201953e93ab28d1be1f651ba47011a7d4a4e864cf3904267b3.png

2026-06-09 11:11:04 GMT

⚪️ DEVOTION
“Gnaeus Pompeius devoted himself to a military life, and inured himself to the hardships and fatigues of war, so that in a short time he was acknowledged as an expert in military matters. Casting off all sloth and idleness, he was always, night and day, doing something or other that was useful for the conduct of the war. He was very sparing in his diet, ate his food sitting, and altogether refrained from baths and other such luxurious activities. He allotted fewer hours for sleep than nature demanded, and spent the rest of the night in the concerns of a general, relating to the problems that he faced during the day; so that, by his habitual planning for the uncertain events of war, he became most accomplished in military activities. And therefore, in far less time than another could have prepared himself to take charge of an army that was already raised, in that time he raised an army, trained them, and disciplined them. And when the news of his remarkable exploits was brought to Rome, everybody at first, reflecting upon his youth rather than on his valour, supposed that the messengers were merely exaggerating in their accounts.”
Diodorus Siculus
https://blossom.primal.net/5021f7593a065a7bf874ee6df189b3ada5821b3c7965d58df8b6ec8594b91060.png

2026-06-07 17:52:33 GMT

⚫️ THE MARSI WAR BEGINS
“The long smouldering fires of an Italian war were now fanned into flame by the death of Drusus. One hundred and twenty years ago, in the consulship of Lucius Caesar and Publius Rutilius, all Italy took up arms against the Romans. The rebellion began with the people of Asculum, who had put to death the praetor Servilius and Fonteius, his deputy; it was then taken up by the Marsi, and from them it made its ways into all the districts of Italy. The fortune of the Italians was as cruel as their cause was just; for they were seeking citizenship in the state whose power they were defending by their arms; every year and in every war they were furnishing a double number of men, both of cavalry and of infantry, and yet were not admitted to the rights of citizens in the state which, through their efforts, had reached so high a position that it could look down upon men of the same race and blood as foreigners and aliens.”
Velleius Paterculus, Roman History
https://blossom.primal.net/438d41a696eb9a7e700dce201779087053f282416dd9741965779d50b41b70a5.png

2026-06-06 17:02:31 GMT

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Because a reasonable man would not try to change the world. or something like that I think it was

2026-06-04 02:45:30 GMT

When you feel hurt seeing dips like this, always remember: it’s just pain.

2026-06-03 11:21:10 GMT

https://blossom.primal.net/d2f222de918c9526551afc15c0db03aff35be8033f73e7446d300f4de057d2ac.mp4

2026-06-02 08:05:52 GMT

Wen moon

2026-05-31 21:02:28 GMT

Daily roman updates:
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2026-05-31 20:45:53 GMT

https://blossom.primal.net/0321f56b01a8aae03373db1926bfff2fa5b18c45afcfd15b428502e38c0c1bd1.jpg

2026-05-31 20:24:19 GMT

🔺 8,33 PERCENT
“A measure dealing with improper canvassing was for the first time submitted to the people, after passing the senate, by C. Poetilius, tribune of the plebs. It was intended to check the canvassing, mainly by rich plebeians, in the markets and promiscuous gatherings.”
“Another measure, by no means so welcome to the patricians, was brought forward the following year, the consuls being C. Marcius and Cnaeus Manlius. M. Duilius and L. Menenius, tribunes of the plebs, were the proposers of this measure, which fixed the rate of interest at 8 1/3 per cent.; the plebs adopted it with much more eagerness than the Poetilian Law against canvassing.”
Livy
https://blossom.primal.net/6f49fa192be65f19d7f7cf056dc26f4ff4c4145c25dd540f0909ce10f837d7e0.png

2026-05-28 20:57:34 GMT

⚪️ THE RISE OF SULLA
“Cinna and Marius were soon punished by divine vengeance, after their massacre of citizens and their outrages against other men. Sulla, who was the only one remaining out of their enemies, destroyed the army of Mithridates in Boeotia, took Athens by storm, and made a treaty with Mithridates; then he took over the fleet of Mithridates and returned to Italy. In a very short time, he destroyed the armies of Cinna and Marius, and made himself master of Rome and all Italy. He slew all the bloodthirsty supporters of Cinna, and exterminated the family of Marius. Many reasonable men considered that the punishment of the perpetrators of so many murders was imposed by divine providence. Such a punishment ought to be a valuable lesson for those who follow the path of impiety, prompting them to turn away from their wickedness.”
Diodorus Siculus
https://blossom.primal.net/aa787569597f83163d04845e2d9a0cdd90f36ccf916afbb7c27db42d02563e4b.png

2026-05-28 20:32:23 GMT

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The Transfiguration

2026-05-26 21:21:22 GMT

⚫️ AVOIDING PLANTING COLONIES
“In the legislation of Gracchus I should regard as the most pernicious his planting of colonies outside of Italy. This policy the Romans of the older time had carefully avoided; for they saw how much more powerful Carthage had been than Tyre, Massilia than Phocaea, Syracuse than Corinth, Cyzicus and Byzantium than Miletus, — all these colonies, in short, than their mother cities — and had summoned all Roman citizens from the provinces back to Italy that they might be enrolled upon the census lists.”
Velleius Paterculus, Roman History
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2026-05-24 21:55:12 GMT

https://blossom.primal.net/0d768e931918438db2871bb7e79d72ef49bf5edaf886886e2bb58d0a6086993a.png

2026-05-24 21:54:26 GMT

Germania inferior
https://blossom.primal.net/86f1ad3a7be6f1488cb560e5023770e0c4dc8bb4870d33242e53a7e375223793.mov

2026-05-24 18:21:41 GMT

🔶 THE FREEZING WINTER IN ARMENIA
“A legion from Germany was added with its complement of auxiliary horse and foot. The entire army was kept under canvas,⁠. notwithstanding a winter of such severity that the ice-covered ground had to be dug up before it would receive tents. As a result of the bitter cold, many of the men had frost-bitten limbs, and a few died on sentinel-duty. The case was observed of a soldier, carrying a bundle of firewood, whose hands had frozen till they adhered to his load and dropped off from the stumps. Corbulo himself, lightly dressed and bare-headed, was continually among his troops, on the march or at their toils, offering his praise to the stalwart, his comfort his weak, his example to all. Then, owing to the rigours of the climate and the service, recalcitrancy and desertion grew common, and the cure was sought in severity. For, contrary to the rule in other armies, mercy did not attend first and second offences, but the man who had left the standards made immediate atonement with his life. That the treatment was salutary and an improvement on pity was proved by experience, the camp showing fewer cases of desertion than those in which pardons were the rule.”
Tacitus
https://blossom.primal.net/5038fb46036a19f7d9c9e245309f9bc65512a7b6d4754301add8d19396df0584.jpg

2026-05-24 18:08:10 GMT

https://blossom.primal.net/b07d169ddb9dbf46619219f3c565a9c7c01ea607291dfebd71801b1c2076d345.jpg

2026-05-24 18:07:00 GMT

https://blossom.primal.net/27c98580cd026bf0cb34cbd2b256543a05eb3a0529b92c041ea636bc5c0168b6.jpg

2026-05-23 18:28:22 GMT

🔺 DECEIVING THE GAULS
“The Dictator was going into action feeling more assured as to the courage than as to the strength of his troops. He began to turn over in his mind every possible device by which he could inspire fear into the enemy. At last he thought out an ingenious and original plan, one, too, which has since been adopted by many of our own generals as well as those of other countries and which is even practiced to-day. He ordered the packsaddles to be taken off the mules and two pieces of coloured cloth placed on their backs. The muleteers were then furnished with arms, some taken from the prisoners and others belonging to the invalided soldiers, and after thus equipping about a thousand of them and distributing a hundred of the cavalry amongst them he ordered them to ascend the mountains which overlooked the camp and conceal themselves in the woods, and remain there motionless till they received the signal from him As soon as it grew light the Dictator extended his lines along the lower slopes of the mountain in order that the enemy might have to form their front facing the mountain.”
https://blossom.primal.net/e22afb161217ef49f24c9ac546e25582b92634bc0490a15ba87b1638bd217ccc.png

2026-05-23 01:00:17 GMT

🔘 ACCURACY
“He (Emperor Domitian) took no interest in arms, but was particularly devoted to archery. There are many who have more than once seen him slay a hundred wild beasts of different kinds on his Alban estate, and purposely kill some of them with two successive shots in such a way that the arrows gave the effect of horns. Sometimes he would have a slave stand at a distance and hold out the palm of his right hand for a mark, with the fingers spread; then he directed his arrows with such accuracy that they passed harmlessly between the fingers.”
Suetonius
https://blossom.primal.net/7822b2145784adf3d5a73abf74943b9a861eef212daa1e8f827c2fc45e815ef5.jpg

2026-05-18 22:16:14 GMT

Self sacrifice
“A ballista of enormous size belonging to the Fifteenth legion began to do great harm to the Flavians' line with the huge stones that it hurled; and it would have caused wide destruction if it had not been for the splendid bravery of two soldiers, who, taking some shields from the dead and so disguising themselves, cut the ropes and springs of the machine. They were at once run through and thus their names were lost; but there is no doubt about their deed.”
https://blossom.primal.net/fb15b777602b73a2fd67f498757164dc09b9a0397ef45b3fd54b37a6eebe0037.jpg

2026-05-18 21:41:16 GMT

⚪️ THE ETRUSCAN SOOTHSAYERS
“The civil war that broke out in Rome in the consulship of Sulla was (according to Livy and Diodorus) heralded by many omens. When the sky was cloudless and perfectly clear, a trumpet was heard making a sharp and plaintive sound, and all who heard it were struck with fear. The Etruscan soothsayers declared that this portent heralded a revolution in human affairs; they added that there are eight different races of men, each differing in their character and manner of life. The deity has assigned to each of them a certain period of time, which is the length of a great year. At the end of this period and the beginning of the following one, there appears some miraculous sign, either on earth or in heaven, from which the sages immediately know that a race of men has arisen with a different character and manner of life, and that the gods have less care for them than for previous men. Whether this is true or not, is something that I will not discuss here.”
Diodorus Siculus
https://blossom.primal.net/84831f20ac2159df3ccc61035d573ab9ffb08c9a285970ad6cb192b3de9995ad.jpg

2026-05-14 22:14:54 GMT

🟢 GIVE ME MY HOSTAGES
“When Publius Valerius had an insufficient garrison at Epidaurus and therefore feared perfidy on the part of the townspeople, he prepared to celebrate athletic contests at some distance from the city. When nearly all the population had gone there to see the show, he closed the gates and refused to admit the Epidaurians until he had taken hostages from their chief men.”
Frontinus: The Strategemata
https://blossom.primal.net/2f0487c7495b536be82650c62698bc37043f50178bc558c52d75626ff9f51879.png

2026-05-11 21:36:04 GMT

🟡 THE SENATE DARES TO DREAM BIGGER.
“Great was the joy of the Roman Senate when the news of what had taken place at Agrigentum arrived. Their ideas too were so raised that they no longer confined themselves to their original designs. They were not content with having saved the Mamertines, nor with the advantages gained in the course of the war; but conceived the idea that it was possible to expel the Carthaginians entirely from the island, and that if that were done their own power would receive a great increase: they accordingly engaged in this policy and directed their whole thoughts to this subject. As to their land forces they saw that things were going on as well as they could wish.
For the Consuls elected in succession to those who had besieged Agrigentum, Lucius Valerius Flaccus and Titus Otacilius Crassus, appeared to be managing the Sicilian business as well as circumstances admitted. Yet so long as the Carthaginians were in undisturbed command of the sea, the balance of success could not incline decisively in their favour.”
Polybius, histories
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2026-05-10 22:12:35 GMT

🔶 ESCORTING A ROMAN CITIZEN
“Then he called two of his centurions and ordered them, “Get ready a detachment of two hundred soldiers, seventy horsemen and two hundred spearmen[b] to go to Caesarea at nine tonight. Provide horses for Paul so that he may be taken safely to Governor Felix.”
He wrote a letter as follows:
Claudius Lysias,
To His Excellency, Governor Felix:
Greetings.
This man was seized by the Jews and they were about to kill him, but I came with my troops and rescued him, for I had learned that he is a Roman citizen. I wanted to know why they were accusing him, so I brought him to their Sanhedrin. I found that the accusation had to do with questions about their law, but there was no charge against him that deserved death or imprisonment. When I was informedof a plot to be carried out against the man, I sent him to you at once. I also ordered his accusers to present to you their case against him.”
ACTS 23.
https://blossom.primal.net/6cc11c4fd9c48fa1024f46ce66ce0580bae3557e49e72e6a353cb1d112ff3fd9.jpg

2026-05-10 20:59:30 GMT

🔺 FACING GOLIATH
(361 BC) “A Gaul of extraordinary stature strode forward on to the unoccupied bridge, and shouting as loudly as he could, cried: "Let the bravest man that Rome possesses come out and fight me, that we two may decide which people is the superior in war."
“A long silence followed. The best and bravest of the Romans made no sign; they felt ashamed of appearing to decline the challenge, and yet they were reluctant to expose themselves to such terrible danger. Thereupon T. Manlius, the youth who had protected his father from the persecution of the tribune, left his post and went to the Dictator. "Without your orders, General," he said, "I will never leave my post to fight, no, not even if I saw that victory was certain; but if you give me permission I want to show that monster as he stalks so proudly in front of their lines that I am a scion of that family which hurled the troop of Gauls from the Tarpeian rock." Then the Dictator: "Success to your courage, T. Manlius, and to your affection for your father and your fatherland! Go, and with the help of the gods show that the name of Rome is invincible." Then his comrades fastened on his armour; he took an infantry shield and a Spanish sword as better adapted for close fighting; thus armed and equipped they led him forward against the Gaul, who was exulting in his brute strength, and even - the ancients thought this worth recording - putting his tongue out in derision. They retired to their posts and the two armed champions were left alone in the midst, more after the manner of a scene on the stage than under the conditions of serious war, and to those who judged by appearances, by no means equally matched. The one was a creature of enormous bulk, resplendent in a many-coloured coat and wearing painted and gilded armour; the other a man of average height, and his arms, useful rather than ornamental, gave him quite an ordinary appearance. There was no singing of war-songs, no prancing about, no silly brandishing of weapons. With a breast full of courage and silent wrath Manlius reserved all his ferocity for the actual moment of conflict. When they had taken their stand between the two armies, while so many hearts around them were in suspense between hope and fear, the Gaul, like a great overhanging mass, held out his shield on his left arm to meet his adversary's blows and aimed a tremendous cut downwards with his sword. The Roman evaded the blow, and pushing aside the bottom of the Gaul's shield with his own, he slipped under it close up to the Gaul, too near for him to get at him with his sword. Then turning the point of his blade upwards, he gave two rapid thrusts in succession and stabbed the Gaul in the belly and the groin, laying his enemy prostrate over a large extent of ground. He left the body of his fallen foe undespoiled with the exception of his chain, which though smeared with blood he placed round his own neck. Astonishment and fear kept the Gauls motionless; the Romans ran eagerly forward from their lines to meet their warrior, and amidst cheers and congratulations they conducted him to the Dictator. In the doggerel verses which they extemporised in his honour they called him Torquatus ("adorned with a chain"), and this soubriquet became for his posterity a proud family name. The Dictator gave him a golden crown, and before the whole army alluded to his victory in terms of the highest praise.”
Livy
https://blossom.primal.net/217999a2c1208ae77964b43afafdd906cca4e85d41e4f07e198d2474c64668c1.jpg

2026-05-07 10:57:57 GMT

🔘 THE LAST FLAVIAN
“The day before he (Domitian) was killed he gave orders to have some apples which were offered him kept until the following day, and added: "If only I am spared to eat them"; then turning to his companions, he declared that on the following day the moon would be stained with blood in Aquarius, and that a deed would be done of which men would talk all over the world. At about midnight he was so terrified that he leaped from his bed. The next morning he conducted the trial of a soothsayer sent from Germany, who when consulted about the lightning strokes had foretold a change of rulers, and condemned him to death.
While he was vigorously scratching a festered wart on his forehead, and had drawn blood, he said: "May this be all." Then he asked the time, and by pre-arrangement the sixth hour was announced to him, instead of the fifth, which he feared. Filled with joy at this, and believing all danger now past, he was hastening to the bath, when his chamberlain Parthenius changed his purpose by announcing that someone had called about a matter of great moment and would not be put off. Then he dismissed all his attendants and went to his bedroom, where he was slain.”
Suetonius
https://blossom.primal.net/5c2dc241d40c3a63d13d93a09ccf8bba3ac49d42d3cc3e2c4bea657ce5f2039c.png

2026-05-05 20:31:48 GMT

🔵 PUBLIUS AELIUS HADRIANUS
“He incited others by the example of his own soldierly spirit; he would walk as much as twenty miles fully armed; he cleared the camp of banqueting-rooms, porticoes, grottos, and bowers, generally wore the commonest clothing, would have no gold ornaments on his sword-belt or jewels on the clasp, would scarcely consent to have his sword furnished with an ivory hilt, visited the sick soldiers in their quarters, selected the sites for camps, conferred the centurion's wand on those only who were hardy and of good repute, appointed as tribunes only men with full beards or of an age to give to the authority of the tribuneship the full measure of prudence and maturity, permitted no tribune to accept a present from a soldier, banished luxuries on every hand, and, lastly, improved the soldiers' arms and equipment.”
Historia Augusta
https://blossom.primal.net/515f1e480a5d4ed39685fe58b4d0399a45b3d21d4a1d91936e30e4e09ae1a18b.jpg

2026-05-05 11:05:46 GMT

🟣 MORE SAVAGE THAN THE BRITONS
“Besides some small islands round about Britain, there is also a large island, Ierne (Ireland), which stretches parallel to Britain on the north, its breadth being greater than its length. Concerning this island I have nothing certain to tell, except that its inhabitants are more savage than the Britons, since they are man-eaters as well as heavy eaters, and since, further, they count it an honourable thing, when their fathers die, to devour them, and openly to have intercourse, not only with the other women, but also with their mothers and sisters; but I am saying this only with the understanding that I have no trustworthy witnesses for it; and yet, as for the matter of man-eating, that is said to be a custom of the Scythians also, and, in cases of necessity forced by sieges, the Celti, the Iberians, and several other peoples are said to have practised it.”
Strabo
https://blossom.primal.net/527d0b8c9ab9c031940e9cb02d476d7ca85f501947c02c0fc6c473a159c90b78.png

2026-05-05 03:43:33 GMT

⚪️ THE GOD OF GOLD
“Wealth, the subject of so much dispute amongst men, sometimes causes great misfortunes to those who long to gain it. It drives them to unjust and criminal actions; it provides fuel for licentiousness, and leads the unwise into shameful behaviour. Thus we see these men fall into the greatest misfortune, and bring disaster on their cities. Such is the pernicious power of gold over men, when they foolishly over-value it. In their insatiable greed, they apply to everything these verses of the poets”
  "Blessed gold, most beautiful gift to mortals, greater pleasure than a mother . . ."
And also:  "Let them call me wicked, as long as I make a profit. "
Diodorus Siculus
https://blossom.primal.net/7706c33c06449be1ba2102526ac584dfa06feebc7b62efde0e95b1655923870a.png

2026-05-04 22:09:59 GMT

🟢 HASTE TO SURRENDER
“When Domitius Corbulo was besieging Tigranocerta and the Armenians seemed likely to make an obstinate defence, Corbulo executed Vadandus, one of the nobles he had captured, shot his head out of a balista, and sent it flying within the fortifications of the enemy. It happened to fall in the
midst of a council which the barbarians were holding at that very moment, and the sight of it (as though it were some portent) so filled them with consternation that they made haste to surrender.”
Frontinus: The Strategemata
https://blossom.primal.net/a86ad17664305e76f0d098c76e88df0d4375347fdb88a24b29b12000b134d7a3.jpg

2026-05-02 09:53:56 GMT

⚫️ GAIUS GRACCHUS
“After an interval of ten years the same madness which had possessed Tiberius Gracchus now seized upon his brother Gaius, who resembled him in his general virtues as well as in his mistaken ambition, but far surpassed him in ability and eloquence. Gaius might have been the first man in the state had he held his spirit in repose; but, whether it was with the object of avenging his brother's death or of paving the way for kingly power, he followed the precedent which Tiberius had set and entered upon the career of a tribune. His aims, however, were far more ambitious and drastic. He was for giving the citizenship to all Italians, extending it almost to the Alps, distributing the public domain, limiting the holdings of each citizen to five hundred acres as had once been provided by the Licinian law, establishing new customs duties, filling the provinces with new colonies, transferring the judicial powers from the senate to the equites, and began the practice of distributing grain to the people. He left nothing undisturbed, nothing untouched, nothing unmolested, nothing, in short, as it had been. Furthermore he continued the exercise of his office for a second term.”
Velleius Paterculus, Roman History
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2026-05-02 09:52:00 GMT

🟡 THE BORDER TRIBES
"Marcomanni" essentially translates to
"border men" or "men of the border."
The Marcomannic Wars erupted in 166 AD along the Danube frontier of the Roman Empire, encompassing modern-day Austria, Hungary, Slovakia, and parts of Germany and the Balkans. This conflict pitted the Roman Empire against a formidable coalition of Germanic and Sarmatian tribes, primarily the Marcomanni and Quadi, along with other tribes like the Iazyges and Sarmatians.
The sudden invasion across the Danube caught the Romans off guard, overwhelming frontier defenses and inflicting significant initial losses. The invaders exploited the vast and rugged terrain, employing hit-and-run tactics, ambushes, and swift raids to their advantage.
Emperor Marcus Aurelius personally assumed command of Roman forces. He mobilized legions from across the empire, drawing upon units like the Legio II Adiutrix and Legio XIV Gemina.
The Germanic and Sarmatian forces, including heavy infantry, cavalry archers, and light skirmishers, fought with exceptional ferocity and discipline. The tribes' mobility allowed them to swiftly shift positions and evade Roman pursuit, while skilled horsemen armed with bows and arrows harassed Roman formations from a distance.
The initial Roman response focused on stabilizing the situation, establishing a defensive line along the Danube to stem the tide of invaders. While the Romans achieved some initial successes, the conflict quickly escalated into a protracted and challenging struggle. The tribes likely sought to expand their territory into Roman provinces, driven by a desire for land, resources, and plunder.
https://blossom.primal.net/8c504133c7ec1fdbfac640b3a6769e3474e2479096975b18f3c197b87e00bc1d.jpg

2026-05-02 09:50:48 GMT

🟤 PLINY THE ELDER ON JUDAEA
“Beyond Idumaea and Samaria, Judaea extends far and wide. That part of it which joins up to Syria is called Galilaea, while that which is nearest to Arabia and Egypt bears the name of Peraea. This last is thickly covered with rugged mountains, and is separated from the rest of Judaea by the river Jordanes. The remaining part of Judaea is divided into ten Toparchies, which we will mention in the following order: That of Hiericus, covered with groves of palm-trees, and watered by numerous springs, and those of Emmaus, Lydda, Joppe, Acrabatena, Gophna, Thamna, Bethleptephene, Orina, in which formerly stood Hierosolyma, by far the most famous city, not of Judaea only, but of the East, and Herodium, with a celebrated town of the same name.”
Pliny the Elder
https://blossom.primal.net/10b56e41fc46b11d24540b045b13d053853547cc9e4049b1e65364b53461487e.jpg

2026-04-29 20:44:13 GMT

🔶 MARCHING INTO THE PLAIN OF IDISIAVISO
“Thus inflamed and clamouring for battle, they followed their leaders down into a plain known as Idisiaviso.⁠ Lying between the Weser and the hills, it winds irregularly along, with here a concession from the river and there an encroachment by some mountain-spur. Behind rose the forest, lifting its branches high in air, and leaving the ground clear between the trunks. The barbarian line was posted on the level and along the skirts of the wood: the Cherusci alone were planted on the hill-tops, ready to charge from the height when the Romans engaged.
Our army advanced in the following order: in the van, the auxiliary Gauls and Germans with the unmounted archers behind; next, four legions, and the Caesar (Germanicus) with two praetorian cohorts and the flower of the cavalry; then, four other legions, the light-armed troops with the mounted archers and the rest of the allied cohorts. The men were alert and ready, so arranged that the order of march could come to a halt in line of battle.”
Tacitus
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=W56JcmjnhLE
https://blossom.primal.net/454a2c35db4c26b948d71880e3a6efa7200a06ed3157633970d3269bc9127c1e.jpg

2026-04-27 23:35:18 GMT

https://blossom.primal.net/8cb3902a6f9b8e319d48acf1d7299c02a83074827e3a2354e8618539b00c1c72.mp4

2026-04-27 17:52:39 GMT

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I saw you while you were still under the fig tree

2026-04-27 17:11:19 GMT

🔘 A FREEDMEN OF CLAUDIUS
“Of his freedmen he had special regard for the eunuch Posides, whom he even presented with the headless spear at his British triumph, along with those who had served as soldiers. He was equally fond of Felix, giving him the command of cohorts and of troops of horse, as well as of the province of Judaea; and he became the husband of three queens. Only two of these are known, both named Drusilla. One was the daughter of Juba II, king of Mauretania, and the other of Herod Agrippa I, of Judaea; the latter was previously married to Azizus, king of Emesa.”
Suetonius
(Felix is primarily known for his interactions with the Apostle Paul, as recorded in the Book of Acts, particularly Acts 24.
Paul was brought before Felix on charges brought by Jewish leaders.)
https://blossom.primal.net/ad6f09e9409a2957266f989e8887e884aea0302a899c0ecdb4fa5ebfb5233d73.png

2026-04-26 21:23:21 GMT

🔵 HADRIANS MEMORY
“Hadrian's memory was vast and his ability was unlimited; for instance, he personally dictated his speeches and gave opinions on all questions. He was also very witty, and of his jests many still survive. The following one has even become famous: When he had refused a request to a certain grey-haired man, and the man repeated the request but this time with dyed hair, Hadrian replied: "I have already refused this to your father." Even without the aid of a nomenclator he could call by name a great many people, whose names he had heard but once and then all in a crowd; indeed, he could correct the nomenclators when they made mistakes, as they not infrequently did, and he even knew the names of the veterans whom he had discharged at various times. He could repeat from memory, after a rapid reading, books which to most men were not known at all. He wrote, dictated, listened, and, incredible as it seems, conversed with his friends, all at one and the same time. He had as complete a knowledge of the state-budget in all its details as any careful householder has of his own household. His horses and dogs he loved so much that he provided burial-places for them, and in one locality he founded a town called Hadrianotherae, because once he had hunted successfully there and killed a bear.”
Historia Augusta
https://blossom.primal.net/6fdf8acee9d9c5e613a4beaf532db2e7de6bdd27f4b7236cfb70b4bdfc64c18b.png

2026-04-26 21:22:24 GMT

🟣 STRABO ON THE BRITONS
“Most of the island is flat and overgrown with forests, although many of its districts are hilly. It bears grain, cattle, gold, silver, and iron. These things, accordingly, are exported from the island, as also hides, and slaves, and dogs that are by nature suited to the purposes of the chase; the Celti, however, use both these and the native dogs for the purposes of war too. The men of Britain are taller than the Celti, and not so yellow-haired, although their bodies are of looser build. The following is an indication of their size: I myself, in Rome, saw mere lads towering as much as half a foot above the tallest people in the city, although they were bandy-legged and presented no fair lines anywhere else in their figure. Their habits are in part like those of the Celti, but in part more simple and barbaric — so much so that, on account of their inexperience, some of them, although well supplied with milk, make no cheese; and they have no experience in gardening or other agricultural pursuits. And they have powerful chieftains in their country. For the purposes of war they use chariots for the most part, just as some of the Celti do. The forests are their cities; for they fence in a spacious circular enclosure with trees which they have felled, and in that enclosure make huts for themselves and also pen up their cattle — not, however, with the purpose of staying a long time.”
Strabo
https://blossom.primal.net/e91054c0c08f62e77f3cc300571d02936dc0d57cc025630786fc29b40b8cf1be.png

2026-04-26 21:19:53 GMT

“Everything comes from you, and we have given you only what comes from your hand.”

2026-04-23 08:33:45 GMT

⚪️ DIODORUS ON MARIUS
“Gaius Marius was the most renowned person of his time, when he was young: he was ambitious of honour and glory, free from greed, and performed many noble acts, both in Africa and Europe, so that his name was famous, and celebrated everywhere. But when he reached old age, he coveted the riches of king Mithridates, and the wealth of the cities of Asia, and sought against the laws to have the province, which was allotted to Cornelius Sulla, transferred to himself. As a result, he suffered many calamities, and brought disgrace on his previous good reputation; for he not only failed to obtain those riches which he coveted, but also he lost all his own possessions, when his property was confiscated because of his extraordinary greed. He was, moreover, condemned to death by his own country; but escaped that punishment by running away, and wandered solitarily and alone up and down Italy. At length he was forced out of Africa and reached Numidia, without any resources, servants or friends. Afterwards, when the civil wars broke out in Rome, he joined with the enemies of his fatherland, and, being victorious, he was not contented with his return home, but stirred up the flames of war. At length, having gained a seventh consulship, and by his own misfortunes learned the inconstancy of fortune, he was unwilling to put things to a hazard any more.”
Diodorus Siculus
https://blossom.primal.net/e7e9466a0e1d5572a9e93c3e419779805d280adb2ae014cb674023ee98aed8bf.png

2026-04-22 01:37:23 GMT

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😂💪🏻

2026-04-21 07:02:39 GMT

⚫️ BRIDGING RIVERS
“Rivers are bridged by the Romans with the greatest ease, since the soldiers are always practising bridge-building, which is carried on like any other warlike exercise, on the Ister, the Rhine, and the Euphrates. Now the method of procedure — which probably is not familiar to everybody — is as follows. The ships by means of which the river is to be bridged are flat-bottomed, and these are anchored a little way up-stream from the spot where the bridge is to be constructed. Then, when the signal is given, they first let one ship drift down-stream close to the bank that they are holding; and when it has come opposite to the spot that is to be bridged, they throw into the stream a wicker-basket filled with stones and fastened by a cable, which serves as an anchor. Made fast in this way, the ship remains in position near the bank, and by means of planks and bridge-work, which the vessel carries in large quantity, a floor is at once laid to the landing-place. Then they send down another ship at a little distance from the first, and another one beyond that, until they have extended the bridge to the opposite bank. The ship that is nearest the enemy's bank carries towers upon it and a gate and archers and catapults.”
Cassius Dio
https://blossom.primal.net/fa1a76e0eb5fada6b7a5247ae4d27dcf8d676cb652852155757f0d462b961d8c.jpg

2026-04-20 07:54:55 GMT

🟡 CHARIOTS
The Roman chariot was crucial for both warfare and entertainment. Constructed primarily from wood, often ash or elm, the lightweight frame provided both strength and flexibility. Four-spoked wheels, typically made of wood with iron tires for durability and traction, were a key feature.
In racing chariots, a single iron tire was often applied to the right wheel to enhance cornering. The body was a simple, open platform with low sides, and suspension was basic, relying on the flexibility of the wooden frame and leather straps.
Teams of horses, ranging from two (biga) to four (quadriga), pulled the chariots. Harnessing involved a system of leather straps and collars designed for rapid acceleration and sharp turns. Iron tires increased wheel durability and traction, while the wheel design itself was optimized for speed and maneuverability. Harnessing techniques allowed for precise control of the horse team.
War chariots were equipped for combat, carrying a driver and one or two warriors armed with javelins, swords, and bows. Some even featured scythes attached to the wheels for slashing enemy legs. In contrast, racing chariots were designed for speed and agility, with a streamlined shape to minimize wind resistance and specialized wheels for enhanced cornering.
https://blossom.primal.net/d1d4cbcce2544904ce7d91a1c4bc91bf158dc45bd318aec64506411d4e4396f5.png

2026-04-20 07:54:05 GMT

🟤 JULIUS CEASAR IN ALEXANDRIA
Julius Caesar arrived in Alexandria, Egypt, in October 48 BC, pursuing his rival Pompey. He was met with the shocking news that Pompey had been assassinated by Ptolemy XIII, the young king of Egypt, who presented Pompey's head to Caesar as a gesture of goodwill. Caesar was reportedly horrified by this act, as Pompey had once been his ally and son-in-law.
Caesar found himself entangled in a power struggle between Ptolemy XIII and his sister, Cleopatra VII. He aimed to mediate the dispute while also securing his own interests in Egypt. Tensions escalated, leading to clashes between Caesar's troops and the Alexandrian populace.
Outnumbered, Caesar and his forces faced a siege within the royal palace. Despite this, he managed to hold out, receiving reinforcements from his allies in the region. Cleopatra had herself smuggled into the palace in a rolled-up carpet and successfully charmed Caesar.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=r75FmMPKOAg&pp=
https://blossom.primal.net/5d7cfbaf371b83b7049b23d43c2684bc2ee90b5d52bff89c4ab1da4f316d199c.png

2026-04-18 21:44:57 GMT

🔶 TWO BROTHERS, TWO SIDES
“The river Weser ran between the Roman and Cheruscan forces. Arminius came to the bank and halted with his fellow chieftains:— "Had the Caesar come?" he inquired.⁠ On receiving the reply that he was in presence, he asked to be allowed to speak with his brother. That brother, Flavus by name, was serving in the army, a conspicuous figure both from his loyalty and from the loss of an eye through a wound received some few years before during Tiberius' term of command. Leave was granted, <and Stertinius took him down to the river>.⁠ Walking forward, he was greeted by Arminius; who, dismissing his own escort, demanded that the archers posted along our side of the stream should be also withdrawn. When these had retired, he asked his brother, whence the disfigurement of his face? On being told the place and battle, he inquired what reward he had received. Flavus mentioned his increased pay, the chain, the crown, and other military decorations; Arminius scoffed at the cheap rewards of servitude.”
Tacitus
https://blossom.primal.net/76e5f6df527b3dbb3f4bf7127a2e37a07dee1b1c6cb22de3883540772588cd1e.jpg

2026-04-18 21:44:02 GMT

🔺EVENTS OF THE 270’S BC
“The treaty with the Carthaginians renewed a fourth time. An offer made to Fabricius, the consul, by a traitor, to poison Pyrrhus; [Y. R. 474. B. C. 278.] he sends him to the king, and discovers to him the treasonable offer. Successful operations against the Etruscans, Lucanians, Bruttians, and Samnites.”
“Pyrrhus crosses over into Sicily. [Y. R. 475. B. C. 277.] Many prodigies, among which, the statue of Jupiter in the Capitol is struck by lightning, and thrown down. [Y. R. 476. B. C. 276.] The head of it afterwards found by the priests. Curius Dentatus, holding a levy, puts up to sale the goods of a person who refuses to answer to his name when called upon. [Y. R. 477. B. C. 275.] Pyrrhus, after his return from Sicily, is defeated, and compelled to quit Italy. The censors hold a lustrum, and find the number of the citizens to be two hundred and seventy-one thousand two hundred and twenty-four. [Y. R. 479. B. c. 273.] A treaty of alliance formed with Ptolemy, king of Egypt. Sextilia, a vestal, found guilty of incest, and buried alive. Two colonies sent forth, to Posidonium and Cossa. [Y. R. 480. B. C. 272.] A Carthaginian fleet sails, in aid of the Tarentines, by which act the treaty is violated. Successful operations against the Lucanians, Samnites, and Bruttians. Death of king Pyrrhus.”
“The Tarentines overcome: peace and freedom granted to them. [Y. R. 481. B. C. 271.]”
Livy
https://blossom.primal.net/25667424ebf4d296943504a6b3ad98fa591e7208ac03fc6fba1d4574fb84c2ef.jpg

2026-04-17 11:52:50 GMT

🔘 POLICIES OF THE CLAUDIUS ADMINISTRATION
“He forbade men of foreign birth to use the Roman names so far as those of the clans were concerned. Those who usurped the privileges of Roman citizenship he executed in the Esquiline field. He restored to the senate the provinces of Achaia and Macedonia, which Tiberius had taken into his own charge. He deprived the Lycians of their independence because of deadly intestine feuds, and restored theirs to the Rhodians, since they had given up their former faults. He allowed the people of Ilium perpetual exemption from tribute, on the ground that they were the founders of the Roman race, reading an ancient letter of the senate and people of Rome written in Greek to king Seleucus, in which they promised him their friendship and alliance only on condition that he should keep their kinsfolk of Ilium free from every burden. Since the Jews constantly made disturbances at the instigation of Chrestus, he expelled them from Rome. He allowed the envoys of the Germans to sit in the orchestra, led by their naïve self-confidence; for when they had been taken to the seats occupied by the common people and saw the Parthian and Armenian envoys sitting with the senate, they moved of their own accord to the same part of the theatre, protesting that their merits and rank were no whit inferior. He utterly abolished the cruel and inhuman religion of the Druids among the Gauls, which under Augustus had merely been prohibited to Roman citizens; on the other hand he even attempted to transfer the Eleusinian rites from Attica to Rome, and had the temple of Venus Erycina in Sicily, which had fallen to ruin through age, restored at the expense of the treasury of the Roman people. He struck his treaties with foreign princes in the Forum, sacrificing a pig and reciting the ancient formula of the fetial priests. But these and other acts, and in fact almost the whole conduct of his reign, were dictated not so much by his own judgment as that of his wives and freedmen, since he nearly always acted in accordance with their interests and desires.”
Suetonius
https://blossom.primal.net/316b730c68c02db2fdbd587eb13b31c50aa123ee4728852b8cd78c917f11eace.png

2026-04-17 11:47:31 GMT

“Is Ephraim my dear son? is he a pleasant child? for since I spake against him, I do earnestly remember him still: therefore my bowels are troubled for him; I will surely have mercy upon him, saith the LORD.”

2026-04-16 06:52:21 GMT

🔵 THE POET AND HADRIAN
when the poet Florus wrote to him:
I don't want to be a Caesar,
Stroll about among the Britons,
Lurk about among the . . . .
And endure the Scythian winters,"
Hadrian wrote back:
I don't want to be a Florus,
Stroll about among the taverns,
Lurk about among the cook-shops
And endure the round fat insects."
Historia Augusta
https://blossom.primal.net/c7b417c3fb467efd7907f4ee93148a38523b50c12de420e375896e90f68d98a4.png

2026-04-15 21:45:11 GMT

🟣 THE TREASURES OF SPAIN
“For the whole country of the Iberians is full of metals, although not all of it is so rich in fruit, or so fertile either, and in particular that part of it which is well supplied with metals. It is rare for a country to be fortunate in both respects, and it is also rare for the same country to have within a small area an abundance of all kinds of metals. But as for Turdetania and the territory adjoining it, there is no worthy word of praise left to him who wishes to praise their excellence in this respect. Up to the present moment, in fact, neither gold, nor silver, nor yet copper, nor iron, has been found anywhere in the world, in a natural state, either in such quantity or of such good quality. And the gold is not only mined, but is also washed down; that is, the gold-bearing sand is carried down by the rivers and the torrents, although it is often found in the waterless districts also; but in these districts it cannot be seen, whereas in the flooded districts the gold-dust glitters. Besides, they flood the waterless districts by conducting water thither, and thus they make the gold-dust glitter; and they also get the gold out by digging pits, and by inventing other means for washing the sand; and the so‑called "gold-washeries" are now more numerous than the gold mines.”
Strabo
https://blossom.primal.net/2562db93c4e023e20cfcac801d3614c1b60ce9143f4065d68ce0b4e3c57ee648.png

2026-04-15 21:39:06 GMT

https://youtu.be/ZzePaQN-fsw?is=T28bQ10ywE9OhMmq

2026-04-15 13:18:08 GMT

⚪️ NAVAL SUPERIORITY OF THE RHODIANS
“When it came to a sea-fight, the Rhodians were outclassed in nothing except the number of their ships; and in all other respects they were far superior. They were the better pilots, and knew better how to arrange their ships and ply the oars; they had the braver soldiers, and the more expert commanders. The Cappadocians, on the other hand, were inexperienced and seldom exercised in sea-fights; and, what is a common cause of failure, they acted without any discipline. It is true, indeed, they were as eager to fight as the Rhodians, because they were to fight within sight of the king, and therefore wished to demonstrate their loyalty and affection to him. Since they only surpassed their enemies in the number of their ships, they used all the arts and contrivances they could devise to surround and hem them in.”
Diodorus Siculus
https://blossom.primal.net/31b789816a2f9252590ef4647a1f651ad1a0497e09a85cac3b87caad1ff5edc0.png

2026-04-15 07:05:24 GMT

🟢 THE ENEMY OF MY ENEMY
“When Lucius Lucullus noticed that the Macedonian cavalry, whom he had as auxiliaries, were suddenly deserting to the enemy in a body, he ordered the trumpets to sound and sent out squadrons to pursue the deserters. The enemy, thinking that an engagement was beginning, received the deserters with javelins, whereupon the Macedonians, seeing that they were not welcomed by the enemy and were attacked by those whom they were deserting, were forced to resort to a genuine battle and assaulted the enemy.”
Frontinus: The Strategemata
https://blossom.primal.net/78c04ef6eaa3257ffbd555983bd47ef973642fac42287be163a6204e021fe70f.jpg

2026-04-14 18:58:29 GMT

⚫️ THE NORTH AFRICAN JEWS REVOLT
“Meanwhile the Jews in the region of Cyrene had put a certain Andreas at their head, and were destroying both the Romans and the Greeks. They would eat the flesh of their victims, make belts for themselves of their entrails, anoint themselves with their blood and wear their skins for clothing; many they sawed in two, from the head downwards; others they gave to wild beasts, and still others they forced to fight as gladiators. In all two hundred and twenty thousand persons perished. In Egypt, too, they perpetrated many similar outrages, and in Cyprus, under the leadership of a certain Artemion. There, also, two hundred and forty thousand perished, and for this reason no Jew may set foot on that island, but even if one of them is driven upon its shores by a storm he is put to death. Among others who subdued the Jews was Lusius, who was sent by Trajan.”
Cassius Dio
https://blossom.primal.net/594b322add0bcabc46ee8800b035c78c02eaa40af6d30f2ff60e806df0c23f8b.png

2026-04-13 21:33:08 GMT

🟤 PLINY ON THE NILE RIVER
“The country has reason to make careful note of either extreme. When the water rises to only twelve cubits, it experiences the horrors of famine; when it attains thirteen, hunger is still the result; a rise of fourteen cubits is productive of gladness; a rise of fifteen sets all anxieties at rest; while an increase of sixteen is productive of unbounded transports of joy. The greatest increase known, up to the present time, is that of eighteen cubits, which took place in the time of the Emperor Claudius; the smallest rise was that of five, in the year of the battle of Pharsalia, the river by this prodigy testifying its horror, as it were, at the murder of Pompeius Magnus. When the waters have reached their greatest height, the people open the embankments and admit them to the lands. As each district is left by the waters, the business of sowing commences. This is the only river in existence that emits no vapours.”
Pliny the Elder
https://blossom.primal.net/8ff589ea182641f759e9bde4bc817dfc4aba25f7608fb26867b0deb44d72f56e.jpg

2026-04-13 20:10:59 GMT

Good evening.

2026-04-13 13:22:02 GMT

🔶 THE MEETING PLACE OF THE ROMAN ARMADA
“A thousand vessels were considered enough, and these were built at speed. Some were short craft with very little poop or prow, and broad-bellied, the more easily to withstand a heavy sea: others had flat bottoms, enabling them to run aground without damage; while still more were fitted with rudders at each end, so as to head either way the moment the oarsmen reversed their stroke. Many had a deck-flooring to carry the military engines, though they were equally useful for transporting horses or supplies. The whole armada, equipped at once for sailing or propulsion by the oar, was a striking and formidable spectacle, rendered still more so by the enthusiasm of the soldiers. The Isle of Batavia⁠ was fixed for the meeting-place, since it afforded an easy landing and was convenient both as a rendezvous for the troops and as the base for a campaign across the water. For the Rhine, which so far has flowed in a single channel, save only where it circles some unimportant islet, branches at the Batavian frontier into what may be regarded as two rivers. On the German side, it runs unchanged in name and vehemence till its juncture with the North Sea:⁠ the Gallic bank it washes with a wider, gentler stream, known locally as the Waal, though before long it changes its style once more and becomes the river Meuse, through whose immense estuary it discharges, also into the North Sea.”
Tacitus
https://blossom.primal.net/0259436f24d34708d5348b101b8a4e5da0bcc199b72eddf288b4825e38c9cf80.png

2026-04-10 22:28:48 GMT

🔘 CROSSING TO BRITAIN
“He (Claudius) made but one campaign and that of little importance. When the senate voted him the triumphal regalia, thinking the honour beneath the imperial dignity and desiring the glory of a legitimate triumph, he chose Britain as the best place for gaining it, a land that had been attempted by no one since the Deified Julius and was just at that time in a state of rebellion because of the refusal to return certain deserters. On the voyage thither from Ostia he was nearly cast away twice in furious north-westers, off Liguria and near the Stoechades islands. Therefore he made the journey from Massilia all the way to Gesoriacum by land, crossed from there, and without any battle or bloodshed received the submission of a part of the island, returned to Rome within six months after leaving the city, and celebrated a triumph of great splendour. To witness the sight he allowed not only the governors of the provinces to come to Rome, but even some of the exiles; and among the tokens of his victory he set a naval crown on the gable of the Palace beside the civic crown, as a sign that he had crossed and, as it were, subdued the Ocean. His wife Messalina followed his chariot in a carriage, as did also those who had won the triumphal regalia in the same war; the rest marched on foot in purple-bordered togas, except Marcus Crassus Frugi, who rode a caparisoned horse and wore a tunic embroidered with palms, because he was receiving the honour for the second time.”
Suetonius
https://blossom.primal.net/fbfbb7fc04467c2933ee4fef00759837fd100d58a83d2ef5e65357b54be280d1.png

2026-04-09 22:35:10 GMT

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Good for you👍🏻 reading a bible also helps in my experience✝️ God bless you brother.

2026-04-09 21:45:52 GMT

🟣 MALLORCA RABBIT PLAGUE
“In addition to the fruitfulness of the soil, there is also the fact that no injurious animal can easily be found in the Gymnesiae. For even the rabbits there, it is said, are not native, but the stock sprang from a male and female brought over by some person from the opposite mainlind; and this stock was, for a fact, so numerous at first, that they even overturned houses and trees by burrowing beneath them, and that, as I have said, the people were forced to have recourse to the Romans. At present, however, the ease with which the rabbits are caught prevents the pest from prevailing; indeed, the landholders reap profitable crops from the soil.”
Strabo
https://blossom.primal.net/9bc6bd559819bccf78ec0f7d956a6273925ecaa2bc05d00580aad27b1b19c152.jpg

2026-04-09 21:44:43 GMT

⚪️ LENIENCY
“Mithridates having conquered the Roman generals in Asia, and taken many prisoners, sent them all home with clothing and provisions for the journey. This mild treatment was reported everywhere, and the cities generally came flocking over to him; so that envoys came to him from all cities, inviting him by their public decrees to enter their territory, calling him their god and deliverer. Upon notice of the king's approach, the people came in crowds out of the several cities, wearing bright garments to greet him, and received him with great joy and acclamation.”
Diodorus Siculus
https://blossom.primal.net/49e4b0e18b6f1fecb06f6294e446c2d37b94b79c67b3cd92197fc19458e47929.png

2026-04-08 20:21:08 GMT

🟢 SULLA’S LEADERSHIP
“When a lieutenant of Lucius Sulla had gone over to the enemy at the beginning on an engagement, accompanied by a considerable force of cavalry, Sulla announced that this had been done by his own instructions. He thereby not merely saved his men from panic, but encouraged them by a certain expectation of advantage to result from this plan.
The same Sulla, when certain auxiliary troops dispatched by him had been surrounded and cut to pieces by the enemy, fearing that his entire army would be in a panic on account of this disaster, announced that he had purposely placed the auxiliaries in a place of danger, since they had plotted to desert. In this way he veiled a very palpable reverse under the guise of discipline, and encouraged his soldiers by convincing them that he had done this.”
Frontinus: The Strategemata
https://blossom.primal.net/ab1f305fa1790c6d71d57954250831bd959188dc9b770853d71bfc11fc43b7f3.jpg

2026-04-07 17:44:24 GMT

🟡 PONT DU GARD
The Pont du Gard is an ancient Roman aqueduct bridge located in southern France, specifically near the city of Nîmes, and was built in the 1st century AD.
This impressive structure, reaching a height of 49 meters (161 feet) at its highest point, was designed to transport water over a distance of about 50 kilometers (31 miles) from a spring near Uzès. The water flowed through a channel running along the top of the aqueduct, supplying the Roman city of Nîmes.
Today, it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
https://blossom.primal.net/03372088434a12d6c4bc7686a8ec534803c73846f846dc48108ed38e148b2dbf.jpg

2026-04-06 14:31:39 GMT

- reply

When is the “we are still early” fase over?
Should we work from the user experience backwards to the technology and not the other way around like Steve Jobs said and why or why not?
When can we expect more boomer money coming and why?
What is bitcoins role in the world if we assume in will not replace fiat in most places around the world?
Thank you.

2026-04-03 23:43:02 GMT

🔵 TWIN RULE
“And now, after they had assumed the imperial power, the two emperors acted in so democratic a manner that no one missed the lenient ways of Pius; for though Marullus, a writer of farces of the time, irritated them by his jests, he yet went unpunished. They gave funeral games for their father. And Marcus abandoned himself to philosophy, at the same time cultivating the good-will of the citizens. But now to interrupt the emperor's happiness and repose, there came the first flood of the Tiber — the severest one of their time — which ruined many houses in the city, drowned a great number of animals, and caused a most severe famine; all these disasters Marcus and Verus relieved by their own personal care and aid. At this time, moreover, came the Parthian war, which Vologaesus planned under Pius and declared under Marcus and Verus, after the rout of Attidius Cornelianus, than governor of Syria. And besides this, war was threatening in Britain, and the Chatti had burst into Germany and Raetia. Against the Britons Calpurnius Agricola was sent; against the Chatti, Aufidius Victorinus. But to the Parthian war, with the consent of the senate, Marcus despatched his brother Verus, while he himself remained at Rome, where conditions demanded the presence of an emperor. Nevertheless, he accompanied Verus as far as Capua, honouring him with a retinue of friends from the senate and appointing also all his chiefs-of‑staff.”
Historia Augusta
https://blossom.primal.net/59b8df56bccd148d3fdcf99cbec9f690857f575c9292e75185cebdfa4a5250e0.jpg

2026-03-26 21:39:53 GMT

🔶 ATHENIAN VS ROMAN GLORY
“The acts of the Athenians, in my judgment, were indeed great and glorious enough, but nevertheless somewhat less important than fame represents them. But because Athens produced writers of exceptional talent,⁠ the exploits of the men of Athens are heralded throughout the world as unsurpassed. Thus the merit of those who did the deeds is rated as high as brilliant minds have been able to exalt the deeds themselves by words of praise. But the Roman people never had that advantage, since their ablest men were always most engaged with affairs; their minds were never employed apart from their bodies; the best citizen preferred action to words, and thought that his own brave deeds should be lauded by others rather than that theirs should be recounted by him.”
Sallust
https://blossom.primal.net/108545f8e3c7f8c79c5e9d75058b4b2cc6b410ca21a5ac9a17eb19b0dff7dfeb.jpg

2026-03-24 22:42:18 GMT

- reply

https://blossom.primal.net/657434fc7a5e83a6d78865a45a7c5c09c151dbaeca9487748e3ae606d997ccb3.jpg

2026-03-23 19:59:52 GMT

🟢 TRASIMENE
“At Trasimenus, when the Romans had been enveloped and were fighting with the greatest fury, Hannibal opened up his ranks and gave them an opportunity of escape, whereupon, as they fled, he overwhelmed them without loss of his own troops.”
Frontinus: The Strategemata
https://blossom.primal.net/0babb9558b640c89a82051383807a289e0974b5cf31f2222d0058f6fba339f01.jpg

2026-03-20 09:17:02 GMT

2026-03-20 09:16:50 GMT

⚫️ REASSAMBLING BOATS IN MESOPOTAMIA
“And since the region near the Tigris is bare of timber suitable for building ships, he brought his boats, which had been constructed in the forests around Nisibis, to the river on waggons; for they had been built in such a way that they could be taken apart and put together again. He had great difficulty in bridging the stream opposite the Gordyaean mountains, as the barbarians had taken their stand on the opposite bank and tried to hinder him. But Trajan had a great abundance of both ships and soldiers, and so some vessels were fastened together with great speed while others lay moored in front of them having heavy infantry and archers board, and still others kept making dashes this way and that, as if they intended to cross. In consequence of these tactics and because of their very consternation at seeing so many ships appear all at once out of a land destitute of trees, the barbarians gave way. And the Romans crossed over and gained possession of the whole of Adiabene. This is a district of Assyria in the vicinity of Ninus; and Arbela and Gaugamela, near which places Alexander conquered Darius, are also in this same country. Adiabene, accordingly, has also been called Atyria in the language of the barbarians, the double S being changed to T.”
Cassius Dio
https://blossom.primal.net/4fde97309915298551824c52a9d8979ada196e5ac0540294c65005f680595be6.jpg

2026-03-20 09:15:44 GMT

🟡 “THE MAGNITUDE OF THE STRUGGLE”
“Now it was the purpose of the Romans to sail across to Libya and transfer the war there, in order that the Carthaginians might find the danger affecting themselves and their own country rather than Sicily. But the Carthaginians were determined to prevent this. They knew that Libya was easily invaded, and that the invaders if they once effected a landing would meet with little resistance from the inhabitants; and they therefore made up their minds not to allow it, and were eager rather to bring the matter to a decisive issue by a battle at sea. The one side was determined to cross, the other to prevent their crossing; and their enthusiastic rivalry gave promise of a desperate struggle. The preparations of the Romans were made to suit either contingency, an engagement at sea or a disembarkation on the enemy's soil. Accordingly they picked out the best hands from the land army and divided the whole force which they meant to take on board into four divisions. Each division had alternative titles; the first was called the "First Legion" or the "First Squadron,"—and so on with the others. The fourth had a third title besides. They were called "Triarii," on the analogy of land armies. The total number of men thus making up the naval force amounted to nearly one hundred and forty thousand, reckoning each ship as carrying three hundred rowers and one hundred and twenty soldiers. The Carthaginans, on the other hand, made their preparations almost exclusively with a view to a naval engagement. Their numbers, if we reckon by the number of their ships, were over one hundred and fifty thousand men. The mere recital of these figures must, I should imagine, strike any one with astonishment at the magnitude of the struggle, and the vast resources of the contending states. An actual view of them itself could hardly be more impressive than the bare statement of the number of men and ships.”
Polybius, histories
https://blossom.primal.net/e5918b4a4574815661c359841ebd7a0a53c7e4b3de9a1887eae35faff51b6bf4.jpg

2026-03-16 20:59:05 GMT

🟤 GAN YING’S JOURNEY
Gan Ying was a Chinese diplomat and explorer who lived during the Han Dynasty. He is best known for his attempted journey to the Roman Empire in 97 CE.
Gan Ying's mission was initiated by the Chinese general Ban Chao, who sought to establish diplomatic relations with the Roman Empire. Ban Chao believed that such a relationship would benefit both empires, particularly in trade and cultural exchange.
Gan Ying embarked on his journey westward, traveling along the Silk Road. He reached Parthia, an empire that controlled much of the trade routes between China and the West. In Parthia, he was discouraged from continuing his journey to Rome.
The Parthians, fearing that closer ties between China and Rome would disrupt their own trade dominance, misled Gan Ying, telling him that the sea voyage to Rome was long and perilous.
https://blossom.primal.net/b1f253c5671338a83582ca890d50ed6e29e4002cd35e2591b263a1654b4cd29e.png

2026-03-15 13:36:31 GMT

🔶 MARKING BREAD
The Romans used bread stamps to mark their loaves. In Roman cities, many people didn't have their own ovens and would take their prepared dough to communal or commercial bakeries to be baked. To ensure they got their own bread back, or to identify the baker in case of issues (like a short loaf or poor quality), they would press a stamp into the dough before it went into the oven.
These stamps could bear the baker's name, a family mark, or even symbols.
The importance of bread in Roman society, particularly with the state distribution of grain (later bread) to citizens, meant that quality and accountability were significant.
Photo: Carbonized bread from the city of Pompeii or Herculaneum.
https://blossom.primal.net/c72ac77999e84c91fd0cfa83bad9ef981a1809393d18691b9493b9d39d9d5f22.jpg

2026-03-13 22:25:23 GMT

🔺 THE SUB-CENTURION
“A force of equal size used to be supplied by the Latins, now, however, they were hostile to Rome. The two armies were drawn up in the same formation, and they knew that if the maniples kept their order they would have to fight, not only vexilla with vexilla, hastati with hastati, principes with principes, but even centurion with centurion. There were amongst the triarii two centurions, one in each army - the Roman, possessing but little bodily strength but an energetic and experienced soldier, the Latin, a man of enormous strength and a splendid fighter - very well known to each other because they had always served in the same company. The Roman, distrusting his own strength, had obtained the consuls' permission before leaving Rome to choose his own sub-centurion to protect him from the man who was destined to be his enemy. This youth, finding himself face to face with the Latin centurion, gained a victory over him.”
Livy
The Latin War (340-338 BC) was fought between the Roman Republic and its former allies in the Latin League who desired independence from Roman dominance. Rome won, dissolving the League and solidifying its control over Latium.
https://blossom.primal.net/dd7fcc46cfa66cf38eaba34f65cb17ba6ebc7261e2e754a49b3d2ddcc7271d65.jpg

2026-03-13 20:24:28 GMT

🔘 THE FORTUNATE PRINCEPS
“What then? Caesar's son, who was the first to be styled Augustus, and who ruled for fifty-four years, when he was sending forth his grandson to war, did he not pray to the goddess to bestow upon the young man the courage of Scipio, the popularity of Pompey, and his own Fortune, thus recording Fortune as the creator of himself, quite as though he were inscribing the artist's name on a great monument? For it was Fortune that imposed him upon Cicero, Lepidus, Pansa, Hirtius, and Mark Antony, and by their displays of valour, their deeds, victories, fleets, wars, armies, raised him on high to be the first of Roman citizens; and she cast down these men, through whom he had mounted, and left him to rule alone.
It was, in fact, for him that Cicero governed the State, that Lepidus commanded armies, that Pansa conquered, that Hirtius fell, that Antony played the wanton.
For I reckon even Cleopatra as a part of Caesar's Fortune, on whom, as on a reef, even so great a commander as Antony was wrecked and crushed that Caesar might rule alone. The tale is told of Caesar and Antony that, when there was much familiarity and intimacy between them, they often devoted their leisure to a game of ball or dice or even to fights of pet birds, such as quails or cocks; and Antony always retired from the field defeated. It is further related that one of his friends, who prided himself on his knowledge of divination, was often wont to speak freely to him and admonish him,
"Sir, what business have you with this youth? Avoid him! Your repute is greater, you are older, you govern more men, you have fought in wars, you excel in experience; but your Guardian Spirit fears this man's Spirit. Your Fortune is mighty by herself, but abases herself before his. Unless you keep far away from him, your Fortune will depart and go over to him!”
Plutarch
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2026-03-13 19:11:14 GMT

🔵 PESCENNIUS NIGER
“Pescennius Niger, then, was born of humble parentage, according to some, of noble, according to others. His father was Annius Fuscus, his mother Lampridia. His grandfather was the supervisor of Aquinum, the town to which the family sought to trace its origin, though the fact is even now considered doubtful. As for Pescennius himself, he was passably well versed in literature, thrifty in his habits, and unbridled in indulgence in every manner of passion. For a long time he commanded in the ranks, and finally, after holding many generalships, he reached the point where Commodus named him to command the armies in Syria, chiefly on the recommendation of the athlete who afterward strangled Commodus; for so, at that time, were all appointments made.
And now, after he learned that Commodus had been murdered, that Julianus had been declared emperor, and then, by order of Severus and the senate, put to death, and that Albinus, furthermore, had assumed in Gaul the name and power of emperor, Pescennius was hailed imperatorby the armies he commanded in Syria;— though more out of aversion to Julianus, some say, than in rivalry of Severus.
Even before this, during the first days of Julianus' reign, because of the dislike felt for the Emperor, Pescennius was so favoured at Rome, that even the senators, who hated Severus also, prayed for his success, while with showers of stones and general execrations the commons shouted "May the gods preserve him as Emperor, and him as Augustus". For the mob hated Julianus because the soldiers had slain Pertinax and declared Julianus emperor contrary to their wishes; and there was violent rioting on this account.”
Historia Augusta
https://blossom.primal.net/2f26315d2604d978fea088ac63811b53971585b1e8515338ef6e9f3306b823c3.jpg

2026-03-13 19:10:15 GMT

🟣 THREE SETS OF MEN
Among all the Gallic peoples, generally speaking, there are three sets of men who are held in exceptional honour; the Bards, the Vates and the Druids. The Bards are singers and poets; the Vates, diviners and natural philosophers; while the Druids, in addition to natural philosophy, study also moral philosophy. The Druids are considered the most just of men, and on this account they are entrusted with the decision, not only of the private disputes, but of the public disputes as well; so that, in former times, they even arbitrated cases of war and made the opponents stop when they were about to line up for battle, and the murder cases, in particular, had been turned over to them for decision. Further, when there is a big yield from these cases, there is forthcoming a big yield from the land too, as they think. However, not only the Druids, but others as well, say that men's souls, and also the universe, are indestructible, although both fire and water will at some time or other prevail over them.”
Strabo
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2026-03-11 13:47:21 GMT

⚪️ THE VIRTUE OF THE PROCONSUL OF ASIA
“Quintus Scaevola used his utmost endeavour to reform other men's corrupt manners by his own virtuous example. For when he was sent as proconsul to Asia, he chose Quintus Rutilius, the worthiest of his friends, to be his legate, and always took his advice in the government of his province, and in making of laws. All the costs and expenses both of himself and his retinue he ordered to be defrayed out of his own purse; and by his moderation and frugality, together with his just and upright dealings, he freed the province from its former miseries and oppressions. For the proconsuls of Asia before him had conspired with the publicans (tax collectors), who at that time controlled the administration of justice at Rome, and they oppressed the whole province with their illegal exactions.”
Diodorus Siculus
https://blossom.primal.net/a3f29a7f54da4a88aa7110722d048f2c63b3fd203d39e5549ca1c18e21424024.png

2026-03-11 13:46:06 GMT

🟢 NEW TESTAMENT CENSUS
And it came to pass in those days that a decree went out from Caesar Augustus that all the world should be registered.
This census first took place while Quirinius was governing Syria. So all went to be registered, everyone to his own city.
Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and lineage of David, to be registered with Mary, his betrothed wife, who was with child.
Luke 2. 1-5 NKJV
https://blossom.primal.net/5a2d63f20cfff7a04a6871052b386008caf2a7d2e1c2586f78257b0af5789675.jpg

2026-03-10 14:39:58 GMT

⚫️ FRIENDSHIP
“When Licinius Sura died, Trajan bestowed upon him a public funeral and a statue. This man had attained to such a degree of wealth and pride that he had built a gymnasium for the Romans; yet so great was the friendship and confidence which he showed toward Trajan and Trajan toward him, that, although he was often slandered, — as naturally happens in the case of all those who possess any influence with the emperors, — Trajan never felt any suspicion or hatred toward him. On the contrary, when those who envied Sura became very insistent, the emperor went uninvited to his house to dinner, and having dismissed his whole body-guard, he first called Sura's physician and caused him to anoint his eyes, and then his barber, whom he caused to shave his chin (for the emperors themselves as well as all the rest used to follow this ancient practice; it was Hadrian who first set the fashion of wearing a beard); and after doing all this, he next took a bath and had dinner. Then on the following day he said to his friends who were constantly in the habit of making disparaging remarks about Sura: "If Sura had desired to kill me, he would have killed me yesterday."
Cassius Dio
https://blossom.primal.net/3c664adb9772e4b61082c437d7d5fce624feed6ab120437b58d933259826c145.png

2026-03-10 14:36:34 GMT

🟡 DON’T CELEBRATE TO EARLY
“As for Gaius Duilius, he no sooner heard of the disaster which had befallen the commander of the navy than handing over his legions to the military Tribunes he transferred himself to the fleet. There he learnt that the enemy was plundering the territory of Mylae, and at once sailed to attack him with the whole fleet. No sooner did the Carthaginians sight him than with joy and alacrity they put to sea with a hundred and thirty sail, feeling supreme contempt for the Roman ignorance of seamanship. Accordingly they all sailed with their prows directed straight at their enemy: they did not think the engagement worth even the trouble of ranging their ships in any order, but advanced as though to seize a booty exposed for their acceptance. Their commander was that same Hannibal who had withdrawn his forces from Agrigentum by a secret night movement, and he was on board a galley with seven banks of oars which had once belonged to King Pyrrhus. When they neared the enemy, and saw the "crows" raised aloft on the prows of the several ships, the Carthaginians were for a time in a state of perplexity; for they were quite strangers to such contrivances as these engines. Feeling, however, a complete contempt for their opponents, those on board the ships that were in the van of the squadron charged without flinching. But as soon as they came to close quarters their ships were invariably tightly grappled by these machines; the enemy boarded by means of the "crows," and engaged them on their decks; and in the end some of the Carthaginians were cut down, while others surrendered in bewildered terror at the battle in which they found themselves engaged, which eventually became exactly like a land fight.”
Polybius, histories
https://blossom.primal.net/bd19e54b61403c508e0896589c0ab97b2ec95b3fc877065377cdc52a865ba6a7.png

2026-03-09 12:25:42 GMT

“and see thou hurt not the oil and the wine.”
https://blossom.primal.net/cd9308c358cd16c770c52b58b466547432111f8a07e952a13ef5ad743965f9cb.jpg

2026-03-08 16:40:41 GMT

🔺 SINGLE COMBAT DURING THE LATIN WAR 340-338 BC
“Geminus rode forward a short distance and said: "Are you willing, before the day comes when you are to set your armies in motion for so great an effort, to have a meeting with me that the result of our single combat may show how much a Latin horseman is superior to a Roman?" Either urged on by anger or feeling ashamed to decline the contest, or dragged on by the irresistible power of destiny, the high-spirited youth forgot the consul's edict and the obedience due to a father and rushed headlong into a contest in which victory or defeat were alike fatal. The rest of the cavalry retired to remain spectators of the fray; the two combatants selected a clear space over which they charged each other at full gallop with levelled spears. Manlius' lance passed above his adversary's helmet, Maecius' across the neck of the other's horse. They wheeled their horses round, and Manlius standing in his stirrups was the first to get in a second stroke; he thrust his lance between the horse's ears. Feeling the wound the horse reared, shook its head violently, and threw its rider off. Whilst he was trying to rise after his heavy fall by supporting himself with his lance and shield, Manlius drove his lance right through his body and pinned him to the earth. After despoiling the body he returned to his men, and amidst their exulting shouts entered the camp and went straight to his father at the headquarters' tent, not in the least realising the nature of his deed or its possible consequences, whether praise or punishment. "That all may say, my father," he said, "that I am a true scion of your blood, I bring to you these equestrian spoils taken from a dead enemy who challenged me to single combat." On hearing this the consul turned away from his son and ordered the trumpet to sound the Assembly.”
Livy
https://blossom.primal.net/d63de548f7f2ee2cf0646d432e7ceb9eea82365942e0d2780ac29c66db22a878.gif

2026-03-05 19:54:16 GMT

🔘 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OCTAVIAN AND ALEXANDER THE GREAT
“He learned that Alexander, having completed nearly all his conquests by the time he was thirty-two years old, was at an utter loss to know what he should do during the rest of his life, whereat Augustus expressed his surprise that Alexander did not regard it as a greater risk to set in order the empire which he had won than to win it.”
Plutarch, Sayings Of The Romans
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2026-03-05 19:53:01 GMT

🔵 CLODIUS ALBINUS
“As soon as he came of age he entered military service, and by the aid of Lollius Serenus, Baebius Maecianus and Ceionius Postumianus, all his kinsmen, he gained the notice of the Antonines. In the capacity of a tribune he commanded a troop of Dalmatian horse; he also commanded soldiers of the First and the Fourth legions. At the time of Avidius' revolt he loyally held the Bithynian army to its allegiance. Next, Commodus transferred him to Gaul; and here he routed the tribes from over the Rhine and made his name illustrious among both Romans and barbarians. This aroused Commodus' interest, and he offered Albinus the name of Caesar and the privilege, too, of giving the soldiers a present and wearing the scarlet cloak. But all these offers Albinus wisely refused, for Commodus, he said, was only looking for a man who would perish with him, or whom he could reasonably put to death. The duty of holding the quaestorship was in his case remitted. This requirement waived, he became aedile, but after a term of only ten days he was despatched in haste to the army. Next, he served his praetorship under Commodus, and a very famous one it was. For at his games Commodus, it is said, gave gladiatorial combats in both the Forum and the theatre. And finally Severus made him consul at the time when he purposed to make him and Pescennius his successors.”
Historia Augusta
https://blossom.primal.net/c2f3e421adac3a8099fbebb33e45e47d1a8c9b2f39c5310b94fd32ea630ed66f.jpg

2026-03-05 19:49:18 GMT

- reply

Paul Washer is the best, as always.

2026-03-03 07:57:39 GMT

🟢 AMBUSH IN SYRIA
“Gaius Cassius, when fighting in Syria against the Parthians and their leader Osaces, exhibited only cavalry in front, but had posted infantry in hiding on rough ground in the rear. Then, when his cavalry fell back and retreated over familiar roads, he drew the army of the Parthians into the ambush prepared for them and cut them to pieces.”
Frontinus: The Strategemata
https://blossom.primal.net/9bac2454c9b885c34793aa506894eadd5c35c0956bec3d3d41d008cbbf08a384.png

2026-03-01 13:39:52 GMT

Went for a walk.
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2026-03-01 10:23:52 GMT

⚫️ A COURAGEOUS HORSEMAN
“Trajan, having crossed the Ister by means of the bridge, conducted the war with safe prudence rather than with haste, and eventually, after a hard struggle, vanquished the Dacians. In the course of the campaign he himself performed many deeds of good generalship and bravery, and his troops ran many risks and displayed great prowess on his behalf. It was here that a certain horseman, after being carried, badly wounded, from the battle in the hope that he could be healed, when he found that he could not recover, rushed from his tent (for his injury had not yet reached his heart) and, taking his place once more in the line, perished after displaying great feats of valour. Decebalus, when his capital and all his territory had been occupied and he was himself in danger of being captured, committed suicide; and his head was brought to Rome. In this way Dacia became subject to the Romans, and Trajan founded cities there.”
Cassius Dio
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2026-02-28 23:21:32 GMT

🟤 THE 8TH LEGION
The Legio VIII Augusta, or the Eighth Augustan Legion was founded by Julius Caesar himself during his conquest of Gaul in 59 BC.
Witnessing Caesar's rise to power, the legion fought alongside him in battles like Pharsalus and Philippi.
Throughout its history, Legio VIII Augusta served in various corners of the Roman Empire. From the shores of Britain to the banks of the Rhine.
It is believed that the legion eventually disbanded during the tumultuous period of the Western Roman Empire's decline.
https://blossom.primal.net/a64241dc2738eb6594e1099b1c5c1f66eddbea220df2b87879c81a92e812f949.jpg

2026-02-26 21:01:27 GMT

🔶 SULLA ENTERS THE JUGURTHINE WAR
“Now Sulla, as I have already said, after he came with his cavalry to Africa and the camp of Marius, although he was without previous experience and untrained in war, soon became the best soldier in the whole army. Moreover, he was courteous in his language to the soldiers, granted favours to many at their request and to others of his own accord, unwilling himself to accept favours and paying them more promptly than a debt of money. He himself never asked for payment, but rather strove to have as many men as possible in his debt. He talked in jest or earnest⁠ with the humblest, was often with them at their work, on the march, and on guard duty, but in the meantime did not, like those who are actuated by depraved ambition, try to undermine the reputation of the consul or of any good man. His only effort was not to suffer anyone to outdo him in counsel or in action, and as a matter of fact he surpassed almost all. Such being his character and conduct, he was soon greatly beloved by both Marius and the soldiers.”
Sallust
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2026-02-26 11:56:55 GMT

🔺UNCLE OF ALEXANDER, GREAT UNCLE OF PHYRRUS
“It was in this year (341 B.C.), it appears, that Alexander, King of Epirus, landed in Italy, and there is no doubt that had he been fairly successful at first that war would have extended to Rome. This, too, was about the time of the achievements of Alexander the Great, the son of this man's sister, who, after proving himself invincible in another region of the globe, was cut off, whilst a young man, by disease.” Livy, Book 8: The First Samnite War and Settlement of Latium - (341 - 321 B.C.)
Alexander was born as the first son of Neoptolemus, the king of the Molossians, one of the greatest tribes in Epirus.
Around 334 or 333 BC, the Greek city of Tarentum, in southern Italy, was in conflict with the Bruttian people. Seeking aid, they turned to Alexander I of Epirus.
He arrived in Italy with an army and fought against the Bruttians and Lucanians. He captured several cities and established alliances with some local communities, such as Metapontum and the Peucetians. Some historical accounts even suggest a potential alliance with Rome.
Near the city of Pandosia in 331 BC, his forces suffered a decisive defeat at the hands of the Italic tribes. It was during this battle that Alexander I of Epirus met his end.
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2026-02-26 09:20:09 GMT

🔘 LOVE FOR ROME
“After he had captured Numantia and celebrated his second triumph, he had a falling out with Gaius Gracchus in regard to the Senate and the allies; and the people, feeling much aggrieved, set out to shout him down on the rostra.
But he said, "The battle-cry of armed hosts has never discomfited me, and much less that of a rabble of whom I know full well that Italy is not their real mother, but their stepmother."
When the men about Gracchus cried out, "Kill the tyrant," he said, "Very naturally those who feel hostile towards our country wish to make away with me first; for it is not possible for Rome to fall while Scipio stands, nor for Scipio to live when Rome has fallen."
Plutarch, Sayings Of The Romans
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2026-02-23 19:09:39 GMT

⚪️ THE MARSIC WAR
Or: the social war. 91-87 BC (roman territory in red color).
“Ever since human actions have been recorded for eternal memory in history, the greatest war known to us is the Marsic War, named after the Marsi. This war, indeed, surpassed all those that preceded it, both in the bravery of the leaders and in the greatness of their exploits.”
“fate, which seemed deliberately to provoke discord among these peoples, unleashed a war that surpassed all others in its proportions. The people of Italy, who were always considered the bravest, were torn apart by internal factions, and rebelled against the authority of Rome. Then there arose this immense war, which was called the Marsic War after the name of the Marsi who were the leaders of the rebellion.”
“There were engaged against them in this war the Samnites, the people of Asculum, the Lucanians, the Picentes, the people of Nola, and other cities and nations; amongst which was Corfinium, a large and famous city, recently established as the capital city of the Italians.”
“At this time Quintus Pompaedius Silo, a Marsian, (a person of the highest repute in his country), and Gaius Aponius Motylus, a Samnite, likewise famous for his noble acts above the rest of his own nation, were chosen consuls. They divided all Italy into two parts, and took each an equal share for the execution of their consular authority.”
“Having put all things into this good order, and, to sum up, having ordered all things according to the ancient model of the Roman government, they threw themselves more intently and earnestly into the prosecution of the war, and called the city itself Italia. And they were so successful, that they for the most part came off as victors, until Gnaeus Pompeius was made consul and commander in the war, who with Sulla, the general of Cato the other consul, often routed them, and reduced them to such straits, that at length their power was shattered to bits.”
“And now the Romans prevailed every day more and more against their enemies; so that the Italians sent envoys to Mithridates king of Pontus, who had then an excellent and well appointed army, to entreat him to march into Italy with his army, to oppose the Romans; by which means, they told him, the Roman power could easily be broken. Mithridates answered, that he would march into Italy as soon as he had subdued Asia, the task in which he was currently engaged. The rebels being therefore frustrated in their hopes of immediateassistance, and of supplies of money, were greatly disheartened: for there were but a few of the Samnites remaining, together with the Sabelli at Nola, and also Lamponius and Clepitius, who commanded what were left of the Lucanians.”
“they left part of their army to maintain the siege, and fiercely assaulted Rhegium, in the expectation, that if they gained this place, they might with ease transport their army into Sicily, and so become masters of the richest island under the sun. But Gaius Norbanus, the governor of Sicily, so overawed the Italians with the greatness of his army and his vast preparations, that they drew off from the siege; and so the Rhegians were freed from danger. And afterwards, when the civil war broke out between Marius and Sulla, some of the Italians sided with Marius, and the rest with Sulla, and most of them were killed in the war; and all those who survived, joined the conqueror Sulla. And thus, at the same time as the civil war, ended the greatest of all wars, the Marsic war.”
Diodorus Siculus
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2026-02-18 22:27:06 GMT

Say hello to my little fren!!
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2026-02-17 23:33:31 GMT

🔺 THE TRIBULUS
The tribulus, or caltrop, was a simple yet effective anti-personnel weapon made of iron or wood with sharp spikes arranged so one always pointed up.
Romans used them to hinder enemy troops, especially cavalry and chariots, by injuring feet and hooves. Easy to deploy defensively or offensively, they created battlefield chaos.
Called "murex ferreus" (jagged iron) by Romans, the name "tribulus" comes from Greek for "three spikes," though Roman versions usually had four.
They are even being used in modern times.
“Ukraine Drops Ancient Roman Weapons From Drones To Stop Russian Trucks” -Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidhambling/2024/04/12/ukraine-teams-ancient-and-modern-weapons-to-stop-russian-trucks/
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2026-02-17 23:24:28 GMT

- reply

Good for you Joe! 🫡